does not resemble in the least the adult insect in most cases, 

 and hence unless one be familiar with the subject, he cannot 

 tell the adult insect by the larva. The caterpillar or worm 

 changes to a butterfly or moth, the maggot to a fly, and the 

 grub to a beetle. It is in this second stage that most insects 

 are to be controlled. 



The third, or jnipa state is usually a quiet, inactive and 

 perfectly harmless stage. Since many insects winter in this 

 condition we can take advantage of it, and resort in the Fall 

 to a general cleaning up and burning of all rubbish, leaves, 

 etc., and to the burning over of stubble and to late plowing. 



The fourth, or adult or imago stage is the perfect insect, 

 such as a butterfly, moth, beetle, fly, etc., and it is in this 

 state only that the eggs are deposited from which a new brood 

 developes. As stated under the second or larva state, most 

 adult insects except grasshoppers and beetles are in them- 

 selves harmless to the farm and garden crops ; they deposit 

 the eggs, however, on the respective plants on which the 

 larvfe feed, and in view of this we can take means to prevent 

 such a deposit and hence protect the plant. This is espe- 

 cially true and important in those cases where the larva is 

 a borer and hence cannot readily be gotten at in that stage. 

 Hence the necessity of covering up the base of peach trees 

 with straw, cotton seed, ash, etc., to keep the adult from 

 getting at the proper place to deposit her eggs, or of spray- 

 ing apple trees with Paris green or London purple to pre- 

 vent the coddling moth from getting into the apple, or of 

 covering the trunks of trees with a sticky or poisonous wash 

 to prevent the borer from entering. All preventive applica- 

 tions must be made just before the adult insect appears, and 

 must be kept up at frequent intervals as long as the adult is 

 in a condition to lay eggs. 



So far as the farmer is concerned vegetable feeding in- 

 sects can be divided into three groups. I. Those insects 

 that live, either in the young or adult stages or both, within 

 the tissues of the plant. These are called borers. They 



