17 



juDctiva to such a degree that it pulls the free border of the 

 lid iuvvard; while the contraction of the orbicular muscle 

 (in winkiog) would roll or fold the lid. 



One or both lids of one or both eyes of the dog may be 

 aflPected; but, as a rule, only the lower lid of one eye in the 

 horse is so diseased. The constant friction, occasioned by 

 the continual rubbing of the eyelashes over the conjunctiva 

 and the cornea, produces great irritation, which, if long con- 

 tinued, results in inflammation. The conjunctiva becomes 

 conjested, light red and slightly swollen; the cornea may be 

 clouded and at times ulcers form on its surface; the tears 

 flow in excess; and the animal constantly attempts to close 

 the eye. As soon as the lid or lids are returned to their 

 normal position, the inflammation, cloudiness, etc., begin to 

 disappear and the eye to retain its normal condition. Treat- 

 ment consists in removing by excision a portion of the re- 

 laxed and loose skin. In the horse a strip of skin, one-fourth 

 to one-half inch broad, is cut away parallel to, and about one- 

 half inch from, the margin of the lid. The elliptical strip 

 may be removed by using small, sharp shears. The free 

 edges of the skin are then brought together by silk stitches, 

 about one-half inch from one another. As a rule, in the 

 course of a week the stitches may be removed. In the dog 

 the relaxed skin may be excised much farther from the mar- 

 gin of the lid and the gaping wound may be left to heal 

 without bringing the edges of the skin together with stitches. 

 It is, however, safer and better to stitch up the wound. 



ECTEOPIUM— KOLLING OUTWAED OF THE LID. 



In this disease the eyelid is drawn away from the eyeball, 

 the conjunctival surface turned outwra'd, the free border 

 (lower lid) downward; the eyelid is rolled outward and 

 downward, leaving the eye unprotected, subject to constant 

 irritation from air and dust and rapid evaporation of tears. 

 This condition produces chronic inflammation of the con- 



