9 



a new top may be formed out of several of the best and 

 most vigorous shoots thrown out from these "stubs." In 

 many cases it may be possible to control the scale and to 

 thus renew the top of badly injured trees, so as to have 

 them again of good size and bearing more fruit in two or 

 three years than would young trees if put in their places. 

 This is entirely a question of orchard management for the 

 quickest and best production of fruit. It is certain that 

 the scale may be controlled so the age and condition of 

 the tree, etc., must decide the question whether it should 

 be pruned and kept or cut out. It is advisable to burn 

 removed trees and branches to get them out of the way 

 and to prevent further spread of insect pests from them 

 to living trees. The scale is not liable to spread if the 

 trees and prunings are not burned but other injurious 

 insects which may breed in the dead wood may spread 

 from them, particularly to scale injured trees and thus 

 cause the death of trees which might otherwise be saved 

 from the scale. 



Adjacent thickets or trees of wild plums or cherry, etc., 

 should be cut and burned. Beside the trees mentioned 

 many others are liable to attack by this scale. The fol- 

 lowing are some of those occurring commonly: Crab 

 apple, apricot, persimmon, several kinds of walnut and 

 of poplar, osage orange, chestnut, sumac, catalpa, cedar, 

 several of the willows, ash, elm, pecan, orange, lemon, 

 strawberry, gooseberry, currant, etc. 



The Lime-Sulfur Treatment. — This wash has been 

 very extensively used in California during the past 

 twenty years. In the eastern United States since about 

 1900 it has been recognized as the best agent for destroy- 

 ing San Jose scale. Its effectiveness depends upon a 

 chemical combination of the lime and sulfur which is 

 brought about practically only under high temperatures. 

 In a general way, if the chemicals are pure, we may 

 reckon upon using practically equal portions of lime and 

 of sulfur. In practice, however, it has been found better 

 to use a somewhat larger quantity of lime, since commer- 



