2()9 



white clover, and pasture with hogs, giving occasional top- 

 dressings of kaiuite and acid phosphate. 



Apple leaf rust. — A yellow spotting of apple leaves,, 

 caused by the growth of a fungus forming cupshaped recep- 

 tacles filled with 3-ellow spores, often does considerable 

 damage. Some varieties are much more affected than others. 

 It seldom attacks pears or quinces. Another stage of the 

 growth of the same fungus occurs on the red cedars, causing 

 the large gall-like growths known as cedar apples. The ad- 

 visability of destroying infested cedars in the neighborhood 

 of apple orchards will at once suggest itself as a remedy 

 against this disease. 



Pear and Quince leaf blight. — A very different fungus 

 [Ento>ii()sporium mneuJafum) causes the dropping of pear 

 and quince leaves in midsummer. It does not attack apples. 

 Minute brown spots, usually with a reddish border, appear 

 on the leaves, and when there are many of these spots the 

 leaf turns yellow and falls, f^ome varieties of pears are sO' 

 badly affected as to be as bare of leaves in June and July as 

 they should be in December. Such trees can, of course,, 

 mature no fruit and the falling of the leaves prevents the 

 forming of fruit buds for the next season's crop. The 

 fungus also grows on the fruit, causing it to crack. It is 

 often less severe in trees standing in sod than in cultivated 

 ground. Pear seedlings in the nursery often suffer severely 

 from this trouble and it prevents their becoming large 

 enough to bud. 



It is found to yield easily to treatment with Bordeaux 

 mixture, and the spraying of nursery stock is now largely 

 practiced with the best results. In the orchard the treat- 

 ment to be recommended under the next heading will serve 

 to control this disease also. 



Apple and Pear scab. — The species of Fmidadium caus- 

 ing this well known disease are supposed to be slightly dif- 

 ferent on apple and pear, but for practical purposes they^ 

 may be considered as identical. The presence of the fungus, 

 prevents the fruit from reaching full size ; it injures its keep- 

 ing qualities, and by its unsightly appearance greatly 



