A. B. Macallum 69 



own processes, whatever the result may be, yet I would point out 

 that the world is not peopled wholly by Greens, Cairds, Bosanquets, 

 Bradleys and Royces, and that the life and thought of the exoteric 

 many can never but remotely be influenced by this doctrine of 

 Truth. 



The other school of philosophy is a proponent of a doctrine 

 of Truth quite different from the product of pure intellectuaHsm 

 and which can be understood and applied by the many to daily Hfe, 

 and because it can be of Service to them it can be absolved from the 

 Charge that " it bakes no bread." This school of philosophy holds, 

 as its Cardinal tenet, that Truth is a body of beliefs or generaliza- 

 tions that works when you apply it in your needs. The truth in a 

 particular case is the generalization, great or small, that you find in 

 accordance with the facts, and the facts themselves are isolated 

 truths, the products of your experience, that you accept as satisfy- 

 ing your intellectual tests. Whatever works then in daily life is 

 truth, and, if a generalization, or belief, cannot be so applied, it 

 has no function or significance intellectually or practically, and 

 cannot be truth as it is conceived by the disciples of this school. 



This school of philosophy is known as the Pragmatic School 

 and it is generally supposed to have been founded within our own 

 time by the late C. S. Pierce and Professor William James of 

 Har\'ard and Dr. F. C. S. Schiller of Oxford, and Professor John 

 Dewey of Columbia, who still remain its leaders. The school, 

 however, represents an attitude of mind that has influenced the race 

 since its origin one or more millions of years ago. Ever since the 

 middle of the Pliocene Age, or, perhaps, even since the end of the 

 Miocene, man has had to struggle with his environment, and that 

 very struggle postulated a System of beliefs and generalizations, 

 which, if they served him, represented to him Truth. The beliefs 

 and generalizations did not work, if he failed in the struggle and 

 was exterminated. They were, of necessity, at first of the crudest, 

 the most barbaric type and limited in their scope and application to 

 the needs of the moment, but they were changed as they slowly 

 underwent the test of experience, and the beliefs and generaliza- 

 tions of one age were discarded wholly or became the superstitions 



