General 225 



gatorSj Frank Billings, Linton Gerdine, W. H. O. Hoffmann. Fel- 

 lows, W. B. McClure, L. W. Sauer, A. B. Schwartz, L. D. Minsk, 

 G. H. Coleman, Kaethe W. Dewey, H. B. Culver, Frank Nuzum. 

 'Assistants, R. M. Wilder, W. D. Sansum, J. H. Lewis, Hope Sher- 

 man, Mary B. Maver, Edith Farrar, G. L. Huber, G. T. Caldwell, 

 S. M. Cadwell, C. H, Christman, J. J. Moore. 



LowEST BODY TEMP. The lowest recorded body temp. in a 

 human being who survived was 75° F. The patient was a man, 

 aged 34, who, while intoxicated, had been exposed to a temp. of 34° 

 F. over night. This case was reported by Reineke {Deut. Archiv, 

 für klin. Med., xvi, 15). A temp. as low as 71.6° F. is said to have 

 been observed in one case. The authority in the latter case, however, 

 does not seem entirely dependable. Answer to query: Jour. 

 Amer. Med. Assoc., 1916, Ixvi, p. 978. 



Apparatus. Long experience has taught that however much 

 we may owe to the great minds that evolve basic generalizations and 

 hypotheses, real progress in science ultimately rests on the establish- 

 ment of facts. Our reasoning faculties, by themselves, are unable 

 to cope with the complexity of the phys. world, and are sure to stray 

 from reality unless they are continually guided by Observation and 

 experiment. Galileo with his exper. methods contributed more to 

 science than did all the generations preceding him. . . . The greater 

 the advancement in any brauch of science, the greater must he the 

 development of the apparatus that is employed. The two are neces- 

 sarily interdependent. The Instrument is to a great extent an index 

 of the State of the science. The greater the precision with which we 

 can make our observations and measurements, the surer we are of 

 keeping on the right path in our Interpretation of the phenomena 

 concerned. Anthony Zeleny: Science, 1916, xliii, p. 185. 



Methods. Preparation of collodion membranes. Collodion 

 thimbles of regularly increasing degree of permeability may be 

 prepared by soaking air-dried thimbles in alcohol-water mixtures 

 of increasing alc. content. The diffusive capacity of any substance 

 through collodion may be specified in terms of the alc. strength re- 

 quired to produce the membrane which just prevents its passage. 

 This may be termed the "alcohol index" of the substance. W. 

 Brown : Bio ehem. Jour., 191 5, ix, p. 617. 



