WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES OK MAIXK. 9I 



called brown ash, which is second-grade material, is known 

 botanically as black ash. 



Nearly all commercial woods are called by diiferent names in 

 different localities ; and a great many strictly local names are 

 the resnlt. White wood in the North is yellow poplar or tulip 

 tree in the South; and what was formerly known as juniper in 

 Maine is now commonly called hackmatack, while the name for 

 the same tree used throughout the other northern and Lake 

 States is tamarack, ^^'hite pine, however, is almost always 

 known as such, although such terms as "pumpkin pine," and 

 "soft pine" are in use, referring usually to the character of the 

 wood grown in particular localities. In order to avoid confu- 

 sion the United States Forest Service has established standard 

 names for all commercial trees ; these names appear in a com- 

 pilation known as the "Check List of the Forest Trees of the 

 United States," and the English names there set down are fol- 

 lowed in all Forest Service reports. The scientific or botanical 

 name generally derived from Latin, is used by botanists and 

 foresters throughout the world. Table i gives in the first col- 

 umn the Forest Service name of the tree and in the second 

 column the botanical name. The English names in parenthesis 

 are those common to New England or ATaine ; and are inserted 

 to prevent a confusion of terms. 



Proportions Used. 



Nearly every wood grown in Maine, and many woods from 

 other States even as distant as the Pacific Coast, and also a 

 number of rare foreign species are represented in Table i. 



White pine supplied over one-third of the wood reported 

 and nearly 65 per cent of the total was made up of white pine, 

 paper birch, and spruce. These three woods alone were worth 

 nearly two and one-half million dollars as raw material at the 

 factories. Though these few conifers furnished nearly two- 

 thirds of the woods used, a large number of hardwoods met 

 the diversified needs of the industries at a higher average cost. 



Willow at $12 per i.ooo feet b. m. was the cheapest domestic 

 wood reported, while some of the foreign woods cost from 

 $200 to $400 per 1,000 feet b. m., the latter value being reported 

 for teak. Black walnut at $120 per 1,000 feet b. m. was the 

 most costly domestic wood. 



