THEEUINS OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA. 63 



evaporation. If the houses at Maisk were on an average 100 yards apart, the number 

 must have been 80 or 90. If they were grouped Hke those at modern Cababi (properly 

 Covavi) or at the ancient village of Sabino, the number would have been nearly 450; 

 or if like those at the ruins near Gibbon's Ranch, 600 or more. 



The ruins of A'ai Sto, or "W^iite on Both Sides," as our guide translated it, lie some 3 

 miles southwest of jNIaisk and are of the same type in all respects. They he along the 

 sides of the wash which comes down from Quijotoa post-ofhce, and are situated just below 

 the point where the wash crosses the road from the Covered Wells to the old pump-house 

 of the abandoned Logan Mine. I walked in the pottery-strewn area for 2,000 feet and 

 had not come to the end of it. Shght mounds at the upper end, here as at Maisk, suggest 

 the remnants of the more important houses, made perhaps of adobe plastered upon a 

 wooden frame, or even made into walls by itself. The Indians know nothing of the ruins 

 save that they have always been just as they are to-day. They can not explain why 

 they were located here where now there is neither water to drink nor land sufficiently watered 

 for cultivation. When I asked where the ancient villages got their water, our guide from 

 Jiuwak, as the lower part of Covered Wells is called, replied that he did not know. The 

 elders of his village, so he said, were of the opinion that the Hohokam brought water from 

 a spring up in the mountains a little south of Quijotoa post-office. The spring hes 3 or 4 

 miles from Maisk and 2 or 3 from A'ai Sto, and 1,000 or more feet above either. That 

 this should have been the main source of water for two large villages is incredible. To 

 be sure, the women of Comovavi carry water a mile or more from a well located some 

 400 or 500 feet higher than the village; but this is less than half the distance required at 

 the ancient villages. Moreover, the modern village is located as near to the well as is 

 convenient, which is not the case with the ruins in respect to the spring, and, finally, Como- 

 vavi gets its water for seven or eight months from reservoirs. The depth of these, as 

 already mentioned, enables them to hold water much longer than could possibly be the 

 case with such shallow reservoirs as could be constructed at the ruins. 



