LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PLATES AND MAPS. Faciug 



page 



Plate 1 21 



A. Alluvial deposits burying the bottoms of mesquite trees on the lower Santa Cruz near Cliaroo Yuna. 



B. Typical vcsetation of southern Aiizona, giant cactus, Cholla, mesquite bushes, grease-wood, etc. 



C. Alluvial terraces and typical vegetation of a river valley in Northern Sonora. 



Plate 2 . . . ". 4G 



A. Ruins of little stone terraces at Rincon Canyon. 



B. Defensive Hohokam walls on a hilltop near San Xavier. 



C. Looking down from the top of the Trincheras of the Magdalena River. 



D. Site of an ancient village iu Southern Arizona; metate and mani stones for grinding seeds. 



Plate 3 . . . 83 



A. Ruins of T>-uonyi in the Canyon de los Frijoles. 



B. Ruins of Pueblo Bonita in Chaco Canyon. 



Plate 4 104 



The cross identification of rings of growth. 

 Plate 5 139 



A. The Boule tree, a Sequoia probably 2,500 years old. 



B. Young and middle-aged Sequoia in a valley bottom. 



Plate 6 145 



The dying out of rings in a young Sequoia at Dillonwood. 

 Plate 7 146 



The effect of injuries upon a young Sequoia. 

 Plate 8 _ : 183 



A. A market-place in Yucatan, showing the best modern architecture. 



B. A typical house in Yucatan. 



C. Archway at Labna. 



D. Farmer's hut in the midst of Labna. 



E. Ruins of Chac-multun. 



Plate 9 189 



A. Carved head at Baul in the Pacific coffee belt of Guatemala. 



B. A bit of a temple wall at Copan. 



C. One of the Stela; at Copan. 



D. Forest in which ruins at Kichen-kanab are located. 



Plate 10 211 



A. The church of Esquipulas, representing the best Spanish architecture iu Guatemala. 



B. The riverward side of the main citadel at Copan. 



Plate 11 218 



A. The ruins of Quiche, the most extensive on the Guatemalan plateau. 



B. Near view of the most imposing ruins of Quiche. 



Plate 12 230 



A. SteliE inscribed with hieroglyphics at Quirigua. 



B. The ruins of Copan. 



Map 1 Frontispiece 



Sketch map of Arizona and New Mexico, showing location of places mentioned in the text. 



Map 2 175 



Sketch map of a part of Central America, showing location of Maya ruins. 



TEXT CUTS. 



Pago. 



1. Rainfall of Arizona and New Mexico 10 



2. Annual rainfall at Tucson, Arizona, 1868-1912 11 



3. Winter and summer rainfall at Tucson 13 



4. Comparison of 3-year means of winter and summer rainfall at Tucson 13 



5. Cross-section illustrating the formation of climatic terraces 27 



G. Profile of climatic terraces 33 



7. Rainfall and emigration in Europe 89 



8. Cross-section of alluvial terraces in mountain valleys near the City of Mexico 100 



0. Annual growth of trees at Prescott 107 



10. Annual rainfall and growth of trees (Group V) at Prescott 108 



11. Annual growth of trees at Flagstaff, and variations in annual rainfall according to month which is reckoned 



as the beginning of the year 109 



12. Growth of individual trees compared with precipitation at Flagstaff Ill 



13. 14. Effect of monthly distribution of precipitation on thickness of rings of growth Ill 



15. Monthly and yearly precipitation from 1866 to 1909, and size and character of rings 112 



iv 



