INDEX. 



337 



Miocene — continued 



Elevation of mountains in, 284 

 Flora of, 283 



Himalayan Mountains in, 284 

 North and South America united in, 284 

 Miotherm periods, 288 

 Mokelumne Hill, rainfall of, 159 

 Mogollon Escarpment, 15 

 Moisture, effect on diseases in tropics, 220 f. 

 Moki Indians, relation to Hohokam, 48 

 Monsoon desert, 21 



Monsoon vs. cyclonic type of rainfall, 137 

 rains, effect on vegetation, 22 

 winds, effect on distribution of temperature, 248 

 Monsoons, compared with winds of United States, 9, 



10, 11 

 Monterey, California, rainfall of, 159 

 Mexico, terraces near, 100 

 Montezuma, 96 



Spring, 86 

 Month of beginning annual means of rainfall, 110 

 Monthly Weather Review, 95 



distribution of rainfall in California, 159 ff. (See 

 Seasonal distribution.) 

 Morley, cited, 228 

 Morrison, cited, 91 



formation, 282 

 Motagua River, terraces of, 212 f. 

 Motul, rainfall of, 178 

 Moulton, F. R., cited, 23 

 "Mountain culture" of Mexico, OS 

 Mountain-making : 



And cold climates, 286 



volcanic activitj', 286 

 In Cambric, 276, 287 

 Carbonic, 278 

 Devonic, 277 

 Ordovicic, 276, 287 

 Permic, 278 

 Siluric, 277, 287 

 Tertiary, 284 

 Upper Cretacic, 283, 288 

 Relation to glaciation, 258 ff. 

 Mountains, effect on rainfall, 12 



of Guatemala, structure of, 211 f. 

 nature of, in Arizona, 17 f. 



Nahua influence in Guatemala, 219 



Naranjo, location of, 217 



National Theater of Mexico, effect on surface, 96 



Navajo Indians, 76 



Agriculture of, 77 ff., 81 

 Nelson's Ranch, ruins at, 57; 

 Neumayr, on climatic zones in Jurassic, 281 

 Nevada, comparison with Arizona, 21 

 Newburg, cited, 91 

 Newcomb, cited, 4, 241 

 New Mexico: 



Climate of, 9 ff. 



History of, in relation to rainfall, 137 



Rainfall contrasted with Idaho, 136 f. 



Ruins in northwestern, 75 ff. 

 southern, 70 ff. 



Scenery of, 15 ff. 

 Nine Mile water-hole, 54 



Ruins at, 52 

 Nolik, niins, 62 



North America, periodic floods in, 288 

 "Northers" in Yucatan, 177 

 Norway, Proterozoic glaciation in, 270, 271, 292, 293 



Oceans: 



How cooled, 279, 288 

 Periodic spread of, toward equator, 289 

 Spread of, in middle Cretacic, 282 

 Temperature of, 288 



23 



Old Red Sandstone, 277 



Supposed tillites in, 269 

 Olympia, Greece, 26 

 Oraibi, 75 

 Ordovicic : 



Climate of, 276, 277, 287 



Cool period in, 287 



Life of, 276 



Limestones in, 276 



Mountain-making in, 276, 287 



Reef corals in, 276 

 Organ Range, 38 

 Orientation of ruins, 59 

 Otero Basin, description of, 37 

 ruins of, 72 f. 

 Soda lakes, description of, 39 

 fluctuations of, 37 

 Ouachita Mountains, 278 



Pacific Forests of Guatemala, 216 

 Pajaritan Plateau, 17 

 Agriculture in, 83 



Changes of climate according to Henderson and Rob- 

 bins, 91 

 Description of, 83 

 Ruins of, 82 ff. 

 Palenque, location of, 217 

 ruins, 186, 229 

 Paleometeorology, 255 

 Paleozoic, Alps in, 278, 287 

 glaciation, 256 ff. 

 "Palestine and Its Transformation," 171 



sand dunes compared with those of New Mexico, 

 41 

 Palo verde tree, 21 



Age of, 34 

 Pantano Wash, terraces of, 25 

 Panteleon, ruins, 219 

 Papago Indians, 61 f., 65 

 At Buzani, 87 

 Traditions of, 67 

 Papaloapam River, terraces of, 100 

 Pel6, eruption of, 251 

 Penck, A., cited, 242 

 Pepper, cited, 82 



Periodic flooding of lands by oceans, 286 

 Periodicity of glaciation, 286 

 Permian glaciation : 

 Causes of, 257 



Contrasted with Pleistocene, 234, 257 f. 

 Permic : 



Climate of, 279 

 Floras of, 279 



Glaciation, in, 267, 279, 284, 285, 286, 288 

 Great changes in insects of, 279 

 Growth rings in trees of, 279 

 Interglacial warm climates in, 268, 285 

 Mountain-making in, 278 

 Persia, comparison with Arizona, 21, 32 

 Peten, forests of, ruins of, 216 ff. 

 Peto, rainfall, 178 



vegetation, 179 

 PhoenLx, climate of, 9 

 Piedmont, deposits of, 17 



as records of the past climate, 19 

 of Otero Basin, 38 

 gravels of Otero Basin, 38 

 Piedras Negras, ruins, 229 

 Pig ranches in southern New Mexico, 71 

 Pima Indians, relation to Hohokam, 48 

 Pine ridges, 216 



yellow, curves of growth of, 128 ff. 

 Pines, effect of desiccation on, 92 



of Arizona, measurements of growth, 101 ff. (See 

 also Yellow pine; Bull pine; Shortleaf pine.) 

 Guatemala, 211 



