14 ANTHROPOLOGICAL HESEARCH OUTSIDE AMERICA. 



of random sampling to which the varying conditions would give a misleading 

 and unsatisfactory character. Not only at the beginning, but throughout 

 the whole inquiry, survey work designed to choose the places whence the 

 samples are to be taken must form an essential branch of the undertaking. 



Further, survey work will have another function. Even in a field of 

 restricted extent, the intensive investigation of a whole area will be impos- 

 sible. There must be places where it will be necessary to be content with 

 less thorough work, and these gaps will be the more numerous and extensive 

 the larger the area chosen as the field of work. It would be very dangerous 

 to leave these gaps wholly unexplored, and survey work must thus furnish 

 an integral and essential part of the work of an anthropological expedition 

 if its more intensive work is to be complete. 



I have now outlined a number of considerations which should act as 

 guides in the attempt to assign to different parts of the world their relative 

 importance to anthropology and the urgency of their needs for investigation. 

 I propose now to undertake a brief survey of different regions of the globe 

 outside America, with the object of ascertaining the urgency of the needs and 

 how far these needs are being met by existing agencies. 



EUROPE. 



From the point of view of the anthropologist the interest of Europe lies in 

 its archaeology and in those survivals of past culture which form the subject- 

 matter of folk-lore. At the present moment the archeology of Europe, 

 and especially of its most ancient] pala?olithic and neolithic periods, forms a 

 subject of the most entrancing interest. The factor of urgency is here, 

 however, largely absent except in so far as the interest of the subject is 

 tending to interest the amateur and thus lead to the performance of rough 

 and imperfect excavation. Further, there is one aspect, both of this line of 

 work and of the study of European folk-lore, which makes unnecessary any 

 special effort from without. The fact that the objects of research lie close 

 to the homes of archaeologists and ethnologists makes it possible for the work 

 to be undertaken by those best qualified to do so. It is possible for those 

 engaged in academic or other pursuits to undertake this work in their spare 

 time and, as a matter of fact, much of the best intellect and skill of Europe 

 is now being attracted to the exploration of caves and other sites of pre- 

 historic human activity. The nearness of these sites to the universities of 

 Europe makes the means for research far more adequate to its needs than in 

 any other branch of anthropological inquiry. 



These considerations also hold good of the exploration of the remains of 

 the early historical cultures of Italy, Greece, and the islands of the Mediter- 

 ranean. In some of these, and especially in some of the Mediterranean 

 islands, the depredations of dealers introduce an element of urgency, but 

 there arc already so many agencies at worlc that there seems to be no decided 

 need for any new effort on a large scale. 



