RESEARCH AT THE RUINS OF CHICKEN ITZA, YUCATAN. 69 



sketch-maps of the different sites visited, prepared plans and cross-sections of 

 the principal buildings, and photographed all the sculptured remains he 

 could locate. The results of his studies have been published by the Peabody 

 Museum.' His chief contribution to the science has been his admirable 

 photograjohs, which constitute a treasury of hitherto unknown material 

 for the study of Maya art and hieroglyphic writing. In 1910 the Peabody 

 Museum resumed its operations in northern Guatemala^ by sending an 

 expedition to this region. A survey and a map of the large ruined city of 

 Tikal were made, and several other sites in the vicinity were explored. This 

 reconaissance was continued in 1911 and 1912, and resulted in the discovery 

 of several ruin groups of secondary importance. 



To the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago is due credit for the 

 standard handbook on Maya architecture. Under the auspices of this insti- 

 tution, Mr. W. H. Holmes visited the principal northern ruin groups in 1894 

 and pubhshed the results of his observations in "Archseological Studies 

 among the Ancient Cities of Mexico." The clear architectural sketches and 

 restorations, and the panoramic views of the different sites described, make 

 this publication the best scientific handbook on Maya architecture that has 

 yet appeared. 



Since 1904 the Archseological Institute of America has maintained a 

 Fellow in this field, and considerable data on archaeology, ethnology, and 

 linguistics have resulted from this activity.^ In 1909 the School of Ameri- 

 can Archaeology, a branch of the same institution, began the investigation of 

 the ruins of Quirigua, Guatemala, with the cooperation of the St. Louis 

 Society of the Institute and the United Fruit Company. Work has been 

 conducted for three years and will be continued until an exhaustive study 

 of this site has been made.^ 



The University of Berlin has sent out exploring and collecting expedi- 

 tions from time to time, which have resulted in the acquisition of much new 

 archaeological and ethnological material. These expeditions have devoted 

 themselves chiefly to reconnaissance work, little or nothing in the way of 

 close study at particular sites having been attempted. 



In addition to the field work above described, considerable research has 

 been carried on at some of the larger universities and scientific institutions. 

 Here should be included the pioneer work of Dr. D. G. Brinton, of the Uni- 

 versity of Pennsylvania, in the field of Maya history and mythology;^ the 

 masterly studies of the illuminated manuscripts by Prof. Ernst Forstmann, of 



'See Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 

 vol. II, vol. IV, and vol. v (No. 1), Cambridge, 1901-1911. 



^Ibid., vol. v (No. 2), Cambridge, 1911. 



'See "A Comparative Study of the Mayas and theLacandoncs,"by Alfred M.Tozzer, New York, 1907. 



■•See Bulletin of the Archaological Institute of America, vol. ii, pp. 1 17-134; and vol. iii, pp. 163-171. 



5"The Maya Chronicles," Dr. D. G. Brinton, Philadelphia, 1SS2. " The Annals of the Cakchiquels," 

 Dr. D. G. Brinton, Philadelphia, 1885. "American Hero Myths," Dr. D. G. Brinton, Philadelphia, 1882. 

 "Essays of an Americanist," Dr. D. G. Brinton, Philadelphia, 1890, and other ^\Titing8. 



