ANTHROPOLOCiY IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE AND PACIFIC ISLANDS. 



33 



Second, to discover the place, cause, and manner of the beginnings of 

 the most important cultural developments. For instance, what was it caused 

 or enabled man to develop from an instinctive animal to an exploiting savage 

 who broke over the faunal barriers which confined all other animals; what 

 caused or enabled certain savages to develop into barbarians with artificial 

 food supply enlarged and controlled by agriculture or zooculture; what caused 

 or enabled certain barbarians to develop into civilized men equipped with 

 stored-up written knowledge; and, finally, what causes certain civilized men 

 to develop into men of enlightenment, who recognize that the possibilities of 

 their individual development are limited only by their own capacity and by 

 every other man's equal right so to develop himself? 



The third research aim of the cultural anthropologist is to study at their 

 typical centers unique aspects of and salient variations in primitive culture. 



The fourth aim is to discover the conditions of the decay and loss of 

 forms of culture. 



The cultural anthropologist necessarily deals mainly with primitive cul- 

 ture. His final purpose is to tell the entire story of cidtural development up 

 to the point where it becomes common historical knowledge. Ultimately he 

 is a generalizer, and uses all legitimate methods to arrive at his conclusions. 



PREHISTORIC ANTHROPOLOGY. 

 Prehistoric anthropology has as its subject-matter the remains of 

 vanished men and cultures. The field of the prehistoric anthropologist is 

 separated from the preceding three fields because his training and methods 

 of work necessarily differ so greatly from the others. His methods are prin- 

 cipally archaeological. His research aim is generally to learn as far as possible 

 the entire human story of a definite geographical area. If he is successful, 

 he will unearth valuable physical, ethnic, or cultural data. At any time he 

 may be so fortunate as to discover some of the numerous "missing links" 

 of cultures, of races, or of man and his ancestry, and so assist in reconstructing 

 the larger story of the evolution of mankind. 



PRESENT STATUS OF ANTHROPOLOGY. 

 For about half a century modern anthropological work has been carried 

 on in the areas under consideration. The amount of research accomplished 

 during that time has been rich and varied. Among the most important 

 older institutions engaging in research work are the following: 



American Museum of Natural History. 

 Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Hono- 

 lulu. 

 Bureau of American Ethnology. 

 Ethnological Survey, Manila. 

 Field Museum of Natural HistorJ^ 



Museo de la Plata, Argentine. 

 Museo Nacional de Mexico. 

 Peabody Museum of American Archae- 

 ology and Ethnology. 

 Polynesian Society, New Zealand. 

 United States National Museum. 



There are about a dozen other similar institutions, from whose doors 

 individuals doing research work have gone forth. Chairs of anthropology 



