194 Papers from the Marine Biological Laboratory at Tortugas. 



Norman prefers to use Bosc's older name for this species on the ground 

 that, while his description means nothing, Bosc stated that it occurs "en 

 immense quantite sur les fucus nageans dans I'Atlantique." As I am not 

 aware that, under the rules of nomenclature, the habitat alone is considered 

 a sufficient diagnosis, I prefer to follow Waters in using d'Orbigny's name. 

 Membranipora irregularis d'Orbigny. 



D'Orbigny, 1839, p. 17, pi. vni, figs. 5 and 6.— Smitt, 1873, p. 8, pi. n, fig. 63. — Jelly, 

 1889, p. 151, for synonymy. — Waters, 1904, p. 31. 



Incrusting shells at 8, 15, 18, and 22 fathoms. Smitt's figure is very 



satisfactory and there can be no doubt that the present species is the one 



which he figured as taken at 60 fathoms. The granulation of the border 



varies with the amount of calcification. Ooecia are present in some numbers. 



In younger stages these are quite prominent, but with later calcification they 



become included in the general crust. 



Membranipora savartii (Audouin). 



AuDOUiN, 1826, p. 240 {Flustra savartii). — Smitt, 1873, p. 20 {Biflustra savartii). — 

 Waters, 1909, p. 137. 



One small, branching specimen 0.5 inch in height was collected at a 



depth of 10 fathoms. The broad, internal, basal denticle figured by 



Waters for Red Sea specimens is the best means of determining the species. 



Recorded by Smitt, 29 fathoms. 



Genus Cupularia Lamouroux, 1821. 



Cupularia guiniensis Busk. 



Busk, 1854, p. 98. — Busk, 1859, p. 87 (C. canariensis). — Smitt, 1873, p. 10 {Mem- 

 branipora canariensis). — Norman, 1909, p. 289, synonymy. 



Abundant at 10 fathoms, especially on soft bottom with algae. The 

 umbrella-shaped disks range in size from 0.125 to 0.75 inch in diameter. 

 The color of living colonies is horn brown, due mainly to the chitinous 

 bristles which form the mandibles of the avicularia. When touched the 

 bristles stand erect for some time. 



Recorded by Smitt from Pourtales's collections from 10 to 44 fathoms. 

 Smitt listed this species under Membranipora because of the character of 

 the zooecium, holding the zoarial characters as of no importance. Just 

 why he should have retained the related C. lowei and C. doma in Cupularia 

 is not certain, but probably on account of the greater amount of calci- 

 fication of the front wall. 



The under surface of the colony is usually clear and free of any attached 

 animals or plants, except that in numerous cases there occurs, closely 

 attached, a new species of Beania, which I have named B. cupulariensis . 



Cupularia lowei Busk. 



Busk, 1854, p. 99. — Smitt, 1873, p. 14 (C umbellata Manzoni). — Verrill, 1878, p. 305 

 (C. umbellata). — Norman, 1909, p. 290. 



Only two specimens, both dead, were taken, one at 12 and the other at 



22 fathoms, in company with C. guiniensis. Each was about 0.25 inch in 



diameter. 



