ABSTRACT. - 7 



der, numbering nearly 200, have migrated as far as North Dakota, 

 Idaho, Alberta, and California. In the defective and degenerate 

 lines D and E only 3 have migrated beyond eastern Ohio; 16 are in 

 towns which are from 50 to 80 miles distant. The rest are all concen- 

 trated at the original places of settlement, or in nearby villages. Thus, 

 by far the greater number of socially fit have moved out into other 

 sections of the country, and there, under more severe conditions, are 

 developing its resources, adding to its wealth, and contributing to its 

 education and moral growth. The socially unfit, on the other hand, 

 have been left behind to become a drag on economic improvement 

 and a burden on a charitable public. 



A study of the reactions to social environment in the degenerate 

 branches and analysis of cases which were given improved opportuni- 

 ties shows the variation in efficiency to be due, not to the adverse con- 

 ditions of congested city life, nor primarily to the isolation of the 

 backwoods, but to the cumulative effect of the mating of defect with 

 the defects of other bad strains; and low efficiency has rarely been 

 due to a lack of opportunity, but is to be traced rather to a native in- 

 ability to take advantage of even a favorable social and economic 

 environment. 



The study throws interesting light on matters of dispute in our 

 immigration problem. Amalgamation and assimilation have been 

 complete, but these processes consist in the marriage of individuals 

 of high potentiality with the better native stocks and the adoption of 

 their standards and ideals, while those of low potentiahty have gravi- 

 tated toward native inferior stocks and by their marriage brought 

 about a diversification and intensification of original defects and cor- 

 responding low standards. 



Pauperism does not appear until the third generation, and then only 

 in certain lines, where it increases in ensuing generations. It is thus 

 not due to any difficulty in coping with strange and adverse conditions 

 such as confront the newly arrived immigrant, but rather to an inher- 

 ent inabifity to take advantage of favorable conditions. This inability 

 is again traceable to the mating of low grades of a trait with low grades 

 of the same or similar traits. 



The whole history points to the necessity of devising more careful 

 tests for the sifting out of our immigrant population, and to the wisdom 

 of supplementing these by studies abroad which shall serve to locate 

 notorious strains, and studies here which shall follow up cases that 

 threaten to found bad strains. It reemphasizes the usefulness of 

 segregation for the markedly defective and of some colonization 

 scheme, together with sterilization, for certain types of the socially 

 unfit; and finally, it suggests the advisability of a board of control 

 with authority to. prohibit marriages of a cacogenic sort. 



