ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate. 



I. 



II 



III. 



IV. 



V. 



Facing Page. 

 14 



Phonograph and Gramophone Recorders (figs. 1-6) 



Tracing Machine for Gramophone Records (fig.s. 18-20) 24 



Details of Tracing and Recording Mechanisms (figs. 21-26) 26 



Curves of Musical Sounds (figs. 28-32) 32 



Curves of Various Sounds (figs. 33-36) 34 



VI. Curves of Various Sounds (figs. 37-41) 34 



VII. Curves of Various Sounds 36 



VIII. Portion of " Speech on Forefathers' Day," by Chauncey M. Depew 40 



IX. Curves from "Cock Robin" 44 



X. Waves from Vowels by Joseph Jefferson 50 



XI. Apparatus for Auditory Analysis 54 



XII. Melody of Beginning of "Speech on Forefathers' Day" 70 



XIII. Synthesis of Vibrations (figs. 116-118) 132 



Fig. 

 1. 

 2. 



3. 



4. 

 5. 

 6. 

 7. 



8. 

 9. 



10. 



11. 



12. 



13. 



14. 



Phonograph recorder 14 



Tracing from a phonograph groove 14 



Gramophone recorder, section 14 



Gramophone recorder, front view 14 



Casting from phonograph grooves 14 



Gramophone grooves 14 



Gramophone reproducer or sound box, sec- 

 tion 16 



Sound box repeating motion of a fork 16 



Nodal figure from a diaphragm with free 



edge 18 



Circular distribution of light from a dia- 

 phragm with fLxed edge 18 



Holes in shutter and their reflection by flat 



diaphragm 19 



Reflection by bent diaphragm with vaseline 



fixation 19 



Reflection by bent diaphragm with metal 



fixation 19 



Method of obtaining curvature of dia- 

 phragm from the reflection of parallel 



rays 



20 



15. Curve of bending for vaseline fixation 20 



16. Curve of bending for metal fixation 20 



17. Ideal of a sound box 20 



18. Machine for transcribing gramophone rec- 



ords, top view 24 



19. Side view of rotator 24 



20. End view of rotator 24 



21. Tracing end of lever 26 



22. Machine with compound lever 26 



23. Gimbal joint 26 



24. Joints for second lever 26 



25. Recording point, top view 26 



10 



Fig. Page. 



26. Recording point, side view 26 



27. Pulleys and belt tightener 27 



28. Yodel 32 



29. Piano with yodel 32 



30. Trombone 32 



31. Band 32 



32. Orchestra 32 



33. Gong 34 



34. Conductor's whistle 34 



.35. Locomotive whistle 34 



36. Three locomotive puffs 34 



37. Blocks 34 



.38. Vifhistling 34 



39. Whistling with piano 34 



40. Plucked string 34 



41. Curves from Graham record 34 



42. Machine for tracing phonograph records, 



top view 37 



43. Piece of curve obtained with apparatus in 



figure 42 37 



44. Sonant [h] in the Jefferson record 46 



45. Coordinate measurer 57 



46. Notes and their melody plot 60 



47. " Oh," sorrowfully 63 



48. " Oh," admiringly 63 



49. " Oh," questioningly 64 



50. " Ah," sorrowfully 64 



51. " Oh dear," sorrowfully 65 



52. " Oh my," sorrowfully 65 



53. "Oh, not really?" questioningly 66 



54. Melody plot, beginning of [ai] " I," Depew . 67 



55. Amplitude plot, beginning of [ai] "I," De- 



pew 67 



56. Melody plot, beginning of [■>] "on," Depew . 67 



