8 



Thorean says that "when the lumberers come out from the woods 

 they have a craving for cakes and pies, and sucli sweet things, which 

 are there almost unknown." Black tea, he further states, is indispen- 

 sable to the loggers. 



THE LUMBER CAMP. 



The character of the diet of any family or group is determined by 

 their surroundings, market facilities, and similar factors, and to a 

 marked extent by previously acquired food habits. When the food 

 supply is adequate the amounts which will be consumed are, it is gen- 

 erally conceded, influenced by the kind and amount of work per- 

 formed more than by any other factor. Such conditions must have a 

 decided bearing upon the diet of a group like that included in the 

 present investigation. Furthermore, the lengtli of time the lumber- 

 men have been in the woods undoubtedly has an effect ui^on their 

 appetite. At the beginning of the winter the food is more or less 

 novel and seems to be eaten with greater relish than later in the sea- 

 son. Exposure to cold and wet and the hardships which are a neces- 

 sary part of some of the lumbering operations, it would seem must 

 also exercise an effect u^ion their appetite and the character and 

 amount of food eaten. In order to judge of the effect of such condi- 

 tions upon the diet of the Maine lumbermen some statements seem 

 desirable regarding their surroundings, the kind of work involved 

 in the lumbering operations, and the conditions under which it is 

 performed. 



The site for tlie camp (PI. I, flg. 1) where the men spend their time 

 when not at work, and where their food is prepared and most of the 

 meals are eaten is chiefly determined by its relation to the timber 

 which is to be cut, although it must be close to a water supply, either 

 spring or mountain brook. A complete lumber camp usually consists 

 of the main camp where the men live, the office which is given up to 

 the overseer, clerk, and visitors, the hovel or stable, the blacksmith 

 shop, and the bean hole. The walls or "body" of the main camp are 

 made of long logs notched at the ends and placed horizontally, the 

 spaces between the logs being chinked with sphagnum moss, or some- 

 times with excelsior if moss can not be conveniently obtained. The 

 roof is made of cedar splits resting on rafters and is covered with 

 tarred paper. The entrances to the buildings are in the end, and the 

 main camp is almost invariably so j)laced that the main entrance faces 

 the south, and is divided into the men's camp, the cookroom, and the 

 dingle. The men's camp contains the l)unks, deacon seats, stoves, 

 water barrel, and general stores. The bunks are arranged in two 

 tiers, one above the other, along both sides of the camj). The bottom 

 of the bunks is made of poles and in the case of the lower tier is a foot 

 or so above the floor. The lower bunks extend from the ground to a 

 height of about 4 feet and the second tier to the roof. The bunks 



