22 



acres. The small farmers, for purposes of cultivation, add to the area 

 that they own in fee portions of adjoining estates, which they lease, 

 and for the use of which a mone}' rental is paid. 



In Hungary the State has assumed responsibility for the develop- 

 ment of her agriculture to a greater extent than in any other European 

 country. The State has organized, controls, and supports a system of 

 colleges, schools, demonstration and research stations for instruction 

 in agriculture that is remarkably complete. 



There is, first of all, the agricultural college at Magyar-6var, in 

 which higher teaching in agriculture is given. Then there are 4 mid- 

 dle schools or agricultural colleges very finely equipped. There are 21 

 tillage schools, a veterinary college, an arboricultural college, a dairy 

 high school, a horticultural college, a poultry-farming school, a bee- 

 farming school, a meadow-culture school, 8 schools for vine dressers, 

 5 State stock farms, an agricultural museum, 80 model demonstration 

 farms, and a large number of Avinter agricultural schools, attended in 

 1901 by about 300,000 persons, all of them either cultivators of farms, 

 landed proprietors, or teachers. 



The "tillage" or "farming" schools are intended for the education 

 of the peasantry in a way to qualify them as managers of small farms, 

 or as foremen and head laborers on large estates. The course is of 

 two years' duration, and is intensely practical in character. 



The five State farms embrace 163,000 acres of land, and have yielded 

 an annual revenue to the Government of almost $1,500,000. They are 

 devoted chiefly to the breeding and rearing of pure-bred horses and 

 cattle. Each spring, stallions are sent out under the care of soldiers 

 and distributed so as to be available- for service in all communities. 

 The number of registered stallions in 1901 owned by the Government 

 was 3,100. There is also a large number of well-bred bulls sold from 

 the stock farms to local communities, the purchase money being raised 

 by a tax levied by the parish council. In 1901, 3,428 bulls were 

 distributed and sold. 



The poultry farm is managed in much the same manner as the stock 

 farms referred to. The roosters are exchanged with the peasants for 

 common fowls, as well as are eggs of pure-bred poultry for hatching 

 purposes. Over 7,000 roosters were exchanged by the State farms with 

 the peasants in a single 3^ear. 



The eighty model farms are conducted chiefly for purposes of demon- 

 stration, and are either rented or purchased by the Government. In 

 all cases an expeit is placed in charge of each farm, who is under the 

 direction of the agricultural minister, and who cultivates such crops 

 only as serve to cnlight(Mi the citizens of the particular conununity 

 in which the farm is located as to the adaptal)ility of that particular 

 crop to their locality. The farms are only used for a few years, when 



