21 



the water over the farm. The pump is said to dehver 150 gallons per 

 minute and will irrigate the entire farm in one hundred and twenty 

 hours, giving a doi)th of about 4 inches. The soil is a yellow clay 8 

 inches deep, with a tough clay subsoil. 



The methods of irrigation employed are flooding by hose and sprink- 

 ling, the latter being used when it is necessar\' to get over the ground 

 rapidly and flooding when more time can be allowed and more thorough 

 irrigation is desired. The irrigation season lasts from June 1 to 

 October 31, the land re(iuiring at most three irrigations per year. 

 In 1905 up to August 1 celery had received one spraying and one irri- 

 gation. In dry weather celery is irrigated every two weeks. Twenty- 

 eight thousand plants are raised per acre. It re(|uires twenty-four 

 hours' ]nunpingto spray the 9 acres, two men being employed two days, 

 giving a depth of 0.9 inch. 



The cost of the boiler and ])ump was S400. Two thousand six 

 hundred feet of 2^-inch pipe used for the distribution of water cost 14 

 cents per foot. Twelve valves cost S3 each, and 400 feet of linen 2-inch 

 hose, rubber lined, cost $160, bringing the total cost of installation 

 to S960. 



Irrigated celery sold at SI. 50 per dozen bunches, each bunch con- 

 taining 3 to 4 stalks. On unirrigated land in 1905 part of the celery 

 did not mature, and bunches of 6 stalks each sold for SI. 25 per dozen. 

 The value of the crop from the 9-acre farm was S6,000. The ground 

 was heavily manured in 1905, 60 tons of manure and 1 ton of fertilizer, 

 costing $45, being used per acre. 



No. 15. Mrs. R. C. Shannon, of Northumberland County, irrigates 

 2 J acres, H acres of which are planted in celery aixl the remainder in 

 other truck. Water is pumped from a well dug 60 feet deep and bored 

 20 feet farther, water standing about 18 feet from the ground. A hot- 

 air engine pumps water into two tanks, each 7 feet in diameter and 8 

 feet deep, which the pump will fill in six hours. Celer}' is irrigated 

 every five days in dry weather by the furrow system. 



No. 16. W. J. Suter, of Northumberland County, irrigates 2 acres 

 of clay loam with water pumped by a small ram and a windmill. The 

 ram lifts the water 40 feet through 1,200 feet of 1-inch and 1 J-inch pipe, 

 delivering a flow of about 1 gallon per minute. The windmill is 8 feet 

 in diameter and wall deliver about one-half this flow. It pumps from 

 a well 4^ feet square dug 26 feet deep. The normal level of the water 

 in the well is 3 feet below the ground. In dry seasons a rate of deliv- 

 ery of 3,000 gallons per day will exhaust the well. The windmill 

 pumps into a tank holding 1,500 gallons, set 20 feet above the ground. 

 The water is distributed by piping and the ground irrigated by a 

 sprinkler, a tankful being sufficient to water one-eighth to one-fourth 

 of an acre. The land is irrigated in dry weather every two weeks, the 



