89 



ono-half tu-rc in a day. 'Hu-cc to fniii' streams at a. tiiiic ar<> used on 

 this farm. 



For allot luT lanu of .I.") acres water is ohtaiiied 1)\ puii.piiit,' iroiii a 

 well. A steam |)uiii|) delivers water a<i;aiiist a lo-foot lift, throiii!;li 

 2.Uiueh j)i|)(>s. 'J1iis plant burns SUO ])ounds of coal in twelve hours. 

 Seven men are emj)loyed on this farm, one man for running; the ])umj)- 

 mi^ station and six for waterinti; the land. lrrijj:ation doubles the yield 

 of e<;<i:plant and almost doubles the yield of other erojvs. Without 

 irri<ijation it woidd be impossible to raise celery. 



On a third farm 45 acres of land are irrir!;atetl by ])umpin(2; and from 

 the city mains. A ir)-horsep()W(T vertical boiler supplies steam to a 

 duplex j)ump, whicli delivers A\ater into the main under 70 poimds 

 pressure. The plant uses 700 ])()imds of soft coal in twelve liours. 

 This plant suj)plies four hose streams atid the city waterworks three, 

 the cost of cit}' water being 75 cents per thousand cubic feet. At 

 times fifteen men are employed in the irri<2;ation 

 of this farm, the work bein<!; carried on day and 

 night. 



When the land is irrigated by sprinkling, which 

 is the usual method, one man will irrigate one- 

 half acre in a day. The water issues from the 

 sprinkler in the form of a cone, the sprinkku- bid- 

 ing provided with an adjustable cone plug in the 

 center for varying the size of the opening, as 

 shown in figure o. Part of the land is irrigated 

 by the furrow system, using 2 to 2^ inch streams 

 of water. One man operates each stream, irri- 

 gating an acre in a day. 



No. 50. The Hittinger Fruit Company, of Suf- 

 folk Count}^ formerly irrigated several acres from a hillside sprmg. 

 A ] 50,000-gallon brick and cement-lined reservoir was su})plied from 

 an S-inch bored well 254 feet deep, cased 45 feet. The water stands 

 6 feet below the ground, but when pumping 40 gallons per minute it 

 is lowered 150 feet. Overhead revolving sprinklers were formerly 

 used for distributing the water; but as there was considerable trouble 

 fi-om the holes stopj)ing up from rust, the sy^stem was given up. A 

 ground Ime of U-inch pipe w^as connected every 30 feet wath 1^-inch 

 vertical pipes, each having a 1-inch horizontal pipe attached. 



A more satisfactory arrangement, made of 2-inch pipe, is shown in 

 figure 4. It is provided at the end with connection for a 2-inch hose, 

 to which is attached a one-half to five-eighths inch nozzle. The 

 horizontal pipe was 20 feet long and w^as provided with a counter- 

 balance and a swivel to turn about the vertical pipe. The pipes were 

 spaced 150 feet apart, and this arrangement was foimd quite satis- 

 factory. One day's labor was required to irrigate 1 acre. The 



Fig. 3.— Adjustable nozzle. 



