525 



the latter the flowers are at first nodding; in Canadense \\it.y are 

 erect or sometimes a Httle decHned. 



The fruit-heads oi fiavwn are rather larger and more densely- 

 fruited than in Canadense and usually paler green, and the mature 

 achenes are slightly larger with longer slenderer beak. The re- 

 ceptacle is also longer and more cylindric, with coarser and stififer 

 tawny hair ; in Canadense it is ovoid and clothed with longer and 

 weaker white hair. 



Genm flavnui needs no close comparison with the very distinct 

 G. Virginianuui, although according [to our text-books its flowers 

 would refer it to the latter rather than to Canadense, and this very 

 mistake appears to have been made in some of our local lists. It 

 may be noted, therefore, that the flowers of Virginianuvi are con- 

 siderably larger, especially the central carpellary portion ; the 

 creamy-white petals are larger, 2"-'^" long, i^''-2" wide and ob- 

 ovate-oblong, with revolute margins, thus often appearing linear. 

 The pubescence of the stem in Virgimaniun is bristly-hairy 

 throughout. In \io\k\. flavnui and Canadense the pubescence above 

 is very fine and close, in the former often with longer scattered 

 hairs. 



Geiun flaviun comes into flower at New York from the end of 

 June to the middle of July, one to three weeks later than G. Cana- 

 dense, which begins to bloom, according to the season, from the 

 second to the fourth week of June. G. Virginiannni flowers still 

 earlier, usually in the first week of June. 



The latter is distinctively a plant of boggy ground. G. 

 Canadense xs the most generally scattered of the three species, oc- 

 curring in damp or dry soil in woods and thickets and along road- 

 sides. G.flavuni is more solitary in its habits, and grows chiefly 

 in rich, loose soil, in copses or upland woods, often among rocks. 



The range of G. flaviini appears to be much more restricted 

 than that of Canadense. Prof. Porter has found it common at 

 Easton, Pa., the type locality, and it is also common at New York. 

 Elsewhere it seems to have been detected only in Lancaster county, 

 Pa., and at Marion, Va., at an altitude of 2100 feet, by Dr. Small. 



It is interesting to note that this species was known to Muhlen- 

 berg, who took it up in his ' Catalogue ' as G. Virginiannni L., 

 naming the latter plant G. hirsntnm, and distinguishing the two 

 species by their different times of flowering. 



