10 The Nature and Origin of Stipules. 



One of these last is on the upper side of the rhizome external to 

 the leaf, the other on the lower side. 



This paper was presented before the Botanical Society of 

 France, May 24, 1854. M. Ad. Brongniart took part in the dis- 

 cussion which followed. He agreed with Trecul in his conclu- 

 sions and closed with the statement that " this arrangement re- 

 calls that of certain buds in which the scales result from the 

 stipules of leaves of which the petiole and blade are alike 

 aborted." M. F. J. Lestiboudois remarked that " to decide 

 whether stipules are an integral part of the leaf, it is necessary 

 to study them anatomicall}^ In other plants the same fibro-vas- 

 cular bundles are distributed to the leaf and stipules. Stipules 

 should therefore be regarded as appendages of the leaf." 



ClOS, I>. — ^Considerations sur la Nature du pretendu Calicule ou involucre 

 des Malvacees. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 1: 289-303. 1854. 



The stipular nature of the parts of the involucre or exterior 

 calyx in the Malvaceae is asserted contrary to the views of Aug. 

 St. Hilaire (Lecons de Bot. 372. 1840) and the term stipulium is 

 suggested as applicable to it. 



ClOS, I>. — Du Stipulium chez les Geraniacees, les Legumeneuses et les 

 Rosac^es. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 2: 4. 1855. 



The term stipulium is applied to the exterior calyx of the Mal- 

 vaceae and the involucre of the umbel of some Geraniaceae. In 

 the Cistaceffi the bractlets of the calyx are wanting in exstipulate 

 species.* In many of the Leguminosse and Rosaceae the bracts 

 are evidently formed by stipules, 



Clos, I>. — La Vrille des Cucurbitac^es, Organe de Dedoublement de la 

 Feuille. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 3: 545-548. 1856. 



The different theories regarding the tendril in the CucurbitaceiB 

 are briefly stated. They have been considered to be roots ; abor- 

 tive peduncles by Tassi ; stipules by De Candolle, Stoks and Aug. 

 St. Hilaire; leaves by Gasparini, Seringe and Braun ; degenerate 

 branches by Meneghini ; superfluous branches by Link ; terminal 

 branches of the axis as in Vitacese by Fabre ; partly leaf, partly 

 branch by Naudin. Clos concludes that the tendril arises by a 

 division of the leaf, three fibrovascular bundles entering the leaf 

 when there is no tendril and two when the tendril is present and 

 receives the third bundle. 



* See also Aug. St. Hilaire. Lejons de Bot. 326 and 371. 1840. 



