t8, TRANSACTION'S OF THE [jAN". 21, 



oppositifolia, T. and G., Actinella odorata, Gray, Dysodia 

 chrysanthemoides, Lag., D. Gooperi, Gray, Schkuhria Hop- 

 kirkii, and the Hoffmannseggias, are almost characteristic of the 

 water-holes, the low places where the rains settle. 



This first section extends from the eastern nearly to the 

 western boundary of the territory along its northern border. 

 Its western limit extends diagonally, curving toward the north- 

 east, from the north-western to the south-eastern corner of the 

 territory, dividing it approximately into halves. In its north 

 central point the second region takes its rise, running to the 

 verge of the plateau near Fort Verde, and thence skirting it to 

 the south-eastward and into New Mexico. This belt, known as 

 the San Francisco Forest, consists almost wholly of the Pinus 

 po7iderosa. It is one of the most beautiful forests in existence, 

 its effect heightened by contrast with the neighboring deserts, 

 from which it must be entered. The same conditions of isola- 

 tion render it one of the most important of timber resources. 

 The San Francisco Mts., in which this forest takes its rise, 

 have an elevation of about 9,000 ft., and rise some 2,500 or 

 3,000 ft. above the general level. Their volcanic origin is strik- 

 ingly apparent. To the eastward they present formidable gulfs 

 and precipices, but to the westward a comparatively easy 

 ascent. At the summit grow only lichens. One or two hundred 

 feet below begins the alpine flora, represented in flower at the 

 time I visited them, July 3d, 1883, by Cerastuims, Sedum 

 rliodantheum, Gray, Arenaria scabrella, Greene, which I collected 

 for the first time; Polemonium oonfertum, Gray; Luziila spadicea, 

 DC., var. parviflora, and the most beautiful Primula Parryi, 

 Gray. This species presented patches of radiant bloom upon 

 the surface of the snow, which had covered its roots to the depth 

 of several inches. Pedicularis Parryi, Gray, was abundant a 

 little lower, and at about 8,000 ft. occurs the timber-line. The 

 upper timber consists mostly of firs and spruces, notably the 

 Pseudotsuga Dougldsii, Cav., with Pinus aristata, Eng. ; the 

 Pinus p>onderosa of the forest proper beginning at about 

 7,000 ft. In the ravines of the upper portion of the forest we 

 coWed Potentilla Thurberi, Gray, Mertensia paniculata, Don., 

 Pentstemon glaucus, Graham, var. stenophyllu8, Gray, Tlialic- 

 trum Wrightii, Gray, Ligusticum scopulorum, Gray, Hieraciiim 

 Fendleri, Gray, Frasera speciosa, Dougl., Habenaria Tliurberi, 

 Gray, and a gooseberry, probably R. lacustre, Poir. Toward the 

 bottom there is abundance of Zigadenus elegans, Pursh, Erigeron 

 glabellus, Nutt., and, if I remember correctly. Aster adscendens, 

 Lindl. Crossing the slope at the base, we walk nearly waist- 

 deep in fine pasture grasses, chiefly of the long- and short- 

 leaved varieties of Festuca ovina, L., to me appearing specifically 



