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BULLETIN UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 



thereby from the other three trees. The western hemlock, however, 

 has these peglike projections also, though they are not nearly so promi- 

 nent. The leaf of the spruce is roundish in cross section, while that of 

 the hemlock is more flattened. The leaves of the side branches of the 

 lowland fir are dark green above and usually conspicuously notched at 

 the end, while those on the side In^anches of the Douglas spruce are light 



Fig. 14. Leaves and cones of Douglas spruce or lowland fir. Photo by M. J. E 



yellow when young, usually dark green when older, and not notched at the 

 end. The scar left by the former when the leaf is shed is round, while 

 that left by the latter is more triangular in shape. The leaf of the 

 former is sessile, and that of the latter has a very short leaf stalk. The 

 cones of the Douglas spruce (Fig. 14) and Engelmann spruce hang down, 

 while those of the firs are erect. The cones of the Douglas spruce have 

 the bracts longer than the scales which easily distinguishes it from the 

 Engelmann spruce. 



The Engelmann spruce (Picea Engelmann! Engelm.) : This tree 

 closely resemble the white spruce of the east (Picea canadensis (Mill.) 

 B. S. P.) Indeed the white spruce is said by some authors to be found 

 in Montana, though others doubt its existence here. If it is found, it is 

 difficult to distinguish it from the Engelmann spruce. The leaves on 



