iqi 7 ] CHAMBERLAIN— LYCOPODIUM 55 



merits then develop and behave in the same manner, so that there 

 are several branches. The antheridia and archegonia are formed 

 at the tops of these branches, there being no leaflike organs as in 

 L. ccrnuum and L. inundation. 



The prothallia of L. carinatum, L. Hippuris, and L. nummulari- 

 forme are all of the L. Phlegmaria type, those of L. carinatum bearing 

 such a close resemblance that Treub (ii) warns prospective col- 

 lectors against collecting in localities where both species occur, 

 since it is impossible to distinguish either the prothallia or the 

 embryos. The prothallia of L. Hippuris are similar, but are more 

 vigorous and the branches are thicker. Treub was not able to 

 disentangle complete prothallia of L. nuinmulariformc from the 

 substratum and so had to write his account from fragments. He 

 did not find any endophytic fungus. 



The final paper in Treub's (12) series dealt with the embryo of 

 L. cernuum. The series of stages was very complete, from embryos 

 consisting of a few cells, through the protocorm stages, and up to 

 sporelings with a few leaves. After the embryo has developed a 

 protocorm with protophylls resembling a small Phyllo gloss urn, a 

 definite growing point is organized which develops into a leafy 

 axis and at the same time the first root appears. Treub indicated 

 the course of the vascular bundles, but did not make any further 

 study of the anatomy. He regarded the protocorm as a recapitula- 

 tion of a Phylloglossum stage in the ancestry of Lyco podium. 



In 1884, the same year that Treub (7) began his research upon 

 tropical forms, Bruchmann (8) found 3 prothallia of L. annotinum, 

 and thus began a series of researches which extended over 25 years 

 and resulted in clearing up the life-histories of the much more 

 difficult temperate species. Bruchmann's first paper appeared in 

 1885, but Treub's first account, although dated 1884, appeared 

 at about the same time, so that neither knew the other was working 

 upon prothallia. Bruchmann's (13) most extensive work, which 

 gained him the prize of the Paris Academy of Science, appeared in 

 1898, and contained descriptions of L. clavatum, L. annotinum, L. 

 complanatum, and L. Selago. All were found growing in the Thur- 

 inger forest near Gotha, but the germination of the spores and 

 earliest stages in the development were lacking. The development 



