Timely Hints for Farmers. 99 



pended upon for evidence to decide in the final judgment of a 

 dairy cow, the eye should be trained as well to see those points of 

 conformation that indicate a high productive capacity. In study- 

 ing the form of some of the cows that have become famous for 

 their great butter production one is struck by the fact that they 

 look alike; in a general way they are all built after the same 

 fashion, — Jerseys, Guernseys, Holsteins, Red Polls, or Dairy 

 vShort Horns, the type is the same. Now, how does this type 

 differ from the beef type? Mainly in the lack of meat in the dairy 

 animal on those parts of the body where the butcher most wants 

 it. There are the same bright intelligent eyes with plenty of room 

 between them and the wide muzzle and strong lower jaw that is 

 seldom at rest. The neck is more slender and attached to light 

 shoulders, sharp over the withers. There should be the same 

 depth through the heart, denoting constitution, and the same big 

 barrel, giving evidence of a large digestive capacity. Accompany- 

 ing these there should be a good sized, well formed udder with 

 four good sized, well placed teats, and, extending along the belly, 

 prominent milk veins. The capacity of these milk veins is best 

 determined by placing the finger in the milk wells, the holes where 

 the veins turn through the body wall. Supporting this machinery 

 there should be a strong framework, consisting of the high front 

 quarters mentioned above, a prominent backbone with wide flat 

 ribs a good distance apart, a lean loin, and wide strong hips. The 

 hind quarters, like the front, should be light, not beefy, and wide 

 apart. All through there should be indications of capacity. 

 Such cows make good use of their feed; they put the fat in the 

 pail instead of on their backs. Experienced dairymen have found 

 that this is the type of a cow that it pays to buy and keep. Now 

 that the price of beef is high dairymen should get rid of the other 

 sort. 



G. H. True, 



Department of Animal Husbandry. 



