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Bulletin 86 



tile and jointed pipe with great rapidity and at a low cost. These 

 machines have been used chiefly for drainage tile, for which there is 

 a great demand in Iowa and neighboring states, but at the present 

 time they are coming into use for sewer pipe also. In the South- 



Pig. 2. — Stack of 15-inch cement pipe made by the irrigation department, University 

 of Arizona, in 1907. (From Bulletin 55.) 



west the need is for irrigation pipe and to a much less extent for 

 drainage tile, sewer pipe and culverts. It now appears strange 

 that this section has been so slow to adopt this valuable type of 

 machinery. 



In August, 1916, the owners of the Continental Ranch near 

 Tucson decided to use cement pipe lines throughout the ranch for 

 the distribution of irrigating water. The required sizes varied from 

 8 inches to 20 inches in diameter, and about 10 miles of pipe line 

 were needed the first year. After a careful investigation of pipe 

 machines by the writer and with the assurance of securing highly- 

 trained expert operators, the machine-made pipe was adopted and 

 a contract was let to a representative of the Sioux City Engine and 

 Machinery Co., the manufacturers of the McCracken cement pipe 

 machines. This gentleman had operated the McCracken machines 

 for many years, and brought with him from Iowa two other ex- 

 perienced men ; and, inasmuch as both cement and sand of excellent 

 quality were available and were to be furnished at the machine by 



