Tests 



137 



TABLE XIX. FRICTION TESTS ON CEMENT PIPE LINES AT CONTINENTAL' 



From 



To 



Dist. 



^jg_ I Loss 

 Diam. charKel °^ 



Time Value 

 after ad-j of 



April 26, 1917 



Lateral No. 2 



Lateral No. 3 

 R. R. Crossing 



Ft. 



Uteral No. 3 897 



[ 2063 



R. R. Crossing I 



illOO 



Riser No. 4 ' 1120 



In. 



14 



14 



12 

 16 



Sec.-ft. I Ft. 



2.44 I 2.85 



2.44 11.83 



2.15 . 0.99 



Sept. 27, 1917 

 Lateral No. 2 



Lateral No. 3 



R. R. Crossing 



Lateral No. 3 897 14 



[ 2063 14 

 R. R. Crossing i 



I illOO 12 



Riser No. 4 ^ ^^^° ^^ 



Oct. 8, 1917 

 Lateral No. 2 



Lateral No. 3 



Lateral No. 3' 897 



f 2063 

 R. R. Crossing' 



1100 



R. R. Crossing ' Riser No. 4^ 



Oct. 8, 1917 



Lateral No. 2 



1120 



14 



14 



12 



16 



8.22 

 8.00 

 0.82 



Lateral No. 3 

 R. R. Crossing 



Lateral No. 3* 897 14 



[2063 14 

 R. R. Crossing* 1 \ 



[noo 12 



Riser No. 4' . 1120 16 



2.49 

 2.45 

 2.38 



2.13 

 8.26 

 1.21 



1 02 0133 

 1 24 0130 

 1 02 i .0130 



3 20 0130 



3 20 I 0117 

 3 20 ' .0135 



1—3:00 P. M. 2—2:35 P. M. 3—3.22 P. M. 4—5:20 P. M. 



Tests were made on three different dates. Considerable diffi- 

 culty was experienced in getting consistent results in these tests. 

 For example, in the first set of tests the friction losses between 

 Lateral No. 2 and the railroad crossing appeared to be inexplicably 

 large. In the tests as repeated on September 27, the loss between 

 Lateral No. 2 and Lateral No. 3 is too great. 



It was thought at first that the reason might be that considerable 

 portions of the pipe were not running full, even though all pipe ends 

 in the gate pits were well covered. This hypothesis was disproved 

 when it was found that the friction losses were less in the second 

 set of tests, although the water levels in the gate pits were lower 

 than in the first set. A better explanation is that in the long line 

 running north from the pump to the railroad on a descending grade, 

 a great deal of air is trapped. This air cannot work back upstream 

 against the water friction, and so it is slowly rolled along down- 

 stream until it escapes at the gate pits. At one gate pit, where the 

 author had a chance to observe, great globules of air, from one to 



