Summary 171 



USES OF CKMKNT PU'lv 



27. Cement pipe is eminently adapted for irrigation pipe lines. 

 It effects a great saving of water and land and labor; the pipe lines 

 can be run through low places and over ridges, making it possible 

 to square up the fields and reducing the cost of grading; ditch clean- 

 ing is obviated, and burrowing animals are defeated. Cement pipe 

 is the logical conduit to replace small earth ditches as soon as the 

 land owners are financially able to make the change. 



28. Pipe lint' structures for the division and application of the 

 water have been ingeniously developed in various places, to suit 

 the local conditions and purposes. \'arious designs are cited in the 

 bulletin. 



29. Cement pipe of good quality is in all respects the equal of 

 vitrified clay pipe for use in sewer lines. In Arizona, where the 

 cost of cement pipe is much less than that of clay pipe, the cement 

 pipe should be employed. 



30. Cement pipe, likewise, should have the preference for farm 

 and road culverts. When properly made and placed, it is more 

 durable, has a greater carrying capacity, and is much cheaper than 

 corrugated iron pipe. 



31. Cement pipe, if used for drain tile in alkaline areas, should 

 be of great density and impervious. Before it is adopted on im- 

 portant drainage projects, advice should be sought and chemical 

 analyses should be made of the soils and soil waters. 



32. There are sundry other applications for cement pipe, such 

 as for ditch gates, and around farm buildings. It is likely to replace 

 iron pipe to some extent as a conduit for domestic water supplies 

 that are under low head. 



COSTS 



33. The cost of cement pipe depends on prices, which at present 

 are on a relatively high level, and on local conditions, such as the 

 distance from a good gravel supply and from the railroad. 



34. If the volume of business is ample, packer-head machine- 

 made pipe can be produced more cheaply than hand-made pipe. 



