418 llri.i.KTiN 92 



A rough coiiipariscm between the Hght (jils may l)c noted as fol- 

 lows: 50 percent of the gasoline distills before the temperature of 

 250° F. is reached ; in the case of gas oils 50 percent distills below 

 temperatures of from 350^ F. to 410° F. and, fur the kerosenes found 

 in the Tucson market, the corresponding temperatures are 380° F. to 

 415° F. 



A low initial boiling temperature indicates a low flash point, and 

 is a feature tending to make easier the starting of a cold engine. A 

 high end point indicates the presence of hydrocarbons lacking in vola- 

 tility. An oil with a high end jjoint is likely to leave unburned resi- 

 dues, wdiich interfere seriously with lubrication, especially so in worn 

 engines in w hich the compression pressures have been reduced. 



SPECIFICATIONS 

 It is possible, from the above tests, together with a knowledge of 

 the action of the various tested oils in use, to formulate specifications 

 for gas oils. Such specifications must change necessarily from time 

 to time. The following are suggested as a basis for gas oil contracts 

 for the year 1921, They apply more directly to California oils. For 

 Texas and Oklahoma oils, some modifications are required, including 

 a higher Baume limit and a wider boiling range. Additional knowl- 

 edge of Texas oils will probably be obtained in 1021. Color and odor 

 are not specified, being of little importance in the case of gas oil, al- 

 though color deeper than light amber or an unusual odor should lead to 

 the tests indicated in the specifications. 



SPECIFICATIONS FOR CALIFORNIA GAS OIL FOR PUMPING ENGINES OF THE' 

 FOUR-CYCLE ELECTRIC-IGNITION TYPE 



Specific Gravity 

 The specific gravity shall be above 38° Baume. 

 Flash Point and Burning Point 

 The flash point .shall not be over 120° F. and the burning point 

 not over 150'^ F. 



Acidity 

 The oil shall not contain a measurable quantity of acid, either 

 free (jr liberated during evaporation. 



Volatility 

 When distilled in a standard 100 c.c. Engler flask. l)y the method 

 given in U. S. Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 214, 



