Fuel Oils for Pump Irrigation 



403 



ing local dealers and consumers is inferior to the quality on which 

 buyers have insisted in the past. 



While the farmers of Arizona were installing engines designed 

 to burn tops, it was not foreseen that a method would be found for 

 converting California tops into gasoline, and that the supply would 

 be required for that purpose. 



At present, only one company in Texas is shipping gas oil to 

 Arizona. This oil is proving satisfactory to the users in the Casa 

 Grande Valley and in the Sulphur Spring Valley. Its gravity is 42° 

 B. and its flash point about 110° F. The present price is 10^^ cents 

 at Ranger, Texas. The freight to Tucson is 4.5 cents per gallon and 

 the rate to Casa Grande is 5.1 cents. If additional refiners can be 

 interested in the Arizona market, the Texas oils may prove to be a 

 more reliable supply than the California oils. It is essential to keep 

 both supplies available. 



The Whitewater Cooperative Co. at Hlfrida, Arizona, purchased 

 a carload of Ranger, Texas, gas oil of 38° B. gravity, in the belief 

 that this oil would be of the same quality as 38° California tops. None 

 of the engines in the vicinity could burn the oil and much of it is still 

 unsold. Texas oils should be 4° B. higher in gravity than California 

 oils in order to have the same volatility. This rule is quite general and 

 is important; it should be followed by purchasers of North Texas oils. 



The relation of gas oil suitable for electric-ignition engines to the 

 other petroleum fuel oils is illustrated by the accompanying chart 

 showing the refining process at an Oklahoma refinery. The processes 

 at other refineries are similar in principle but differ in details. 



Crude naphtha 



(Cut at 46*B.) 

 Kerosene stock 



(Cut at 37''B.) 



Crude ) Heavy gas oil 



(Cut at 32''B.) 

 Lubricating stock 



(End of distillation) 

 Residuum 



Loss 



100.0 



