THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. l2 g 



We next find the polymorphonuclears with neutrophile granulations, which 

 are called "adult" cells, upon the hypothesis that the protoplasm of the 

 lymphocyte takes on granulations as it becomes a polymorphonuclear, and 

 carrying it still further the neutrophile granulations become acidophile, 

 and we have the eosinophile, or "old" cell. 



Just how and where these transformations take place, no good explana- 

 tion is given. However, the theory is a convenient one in explaining 

 myelocytes. If we imagine a mononuclear whose granulations have rip- 

 ened into neutrophile, but the nucleus has not become polymorphonuclear 

 but has remained mononuclear, we have a picture of a myelocyte. These 

 are not found in normal blood, but are numerous in the bone marrow. 

 "Where we have found the neutrophile myelocyte we may also find a further 

 step in the neutrophile granulations having become acidophile, the nucleus 

 still remaining mononuclear. These are eosinophile myelocytes. 



Neusser, by putting an excess of methyl green in Ehrlich's triple stain, 

 obtained little black dots around and over the nuclei, which he called 

 perinuclear basophile granulations. During the physiological leucocytosis 

 of digestion, especially after a heavy meat dinner, they are always present, 

 and Neusser thought they had something to do with uric acid, for patients 

 with this diathesis have these granulations constantly present, However, 

 they have been found in too many other diseases to be any longer consid- 

 ered a diagnostic sign of the uric acid condition. He further stated that 

 tubercular patients with these granulations seem to withstand the ravages 

 of the disease better than those in whom few are found. If this be so, we 

 have a good prognostic sign for tuberculosis. 



We may now turn our attention to leucocytosis and its varieties. We 

 have been careless with this term, which really means an increase in the 

 number of leucocytes over the number normally in the case at hand, but 

 lecuocytosis and leukemia have been associated together, until the former 

 was believed to indicate the latter. Such is not the case, for leukemia is 

 diagnosed to-clay as much by the quality as by the quantity of leucocytes. 

 Normally the number of leucocytes in a cubic millimeteT of blood is be- 

 tween six and nine thousand, or about seven thousand five hundred. Over 

 nine thousand or under six thousand is considered pathological. The in- 

 crease in number is leucocytosis and the decrease is called leucopenia. 

 Normally there are five hundred erythrocytes to one leucocyte, but this may 

 in disease be greatly reduced and even inverted, so there is one erythrocyte 

 to two leucocytes. Normally we find leucocytes in the following pro- 

 portion: 



64$ Polymorphonuclear. 

 28$ Small mononuclear (lymphocytes). 

 Qi Larsje mononuclear. 



