10 



berries irregular in size, and some of them wove nearly seen' 

 Such crops are characteristic of many seedlings and also of some 

 of the commercial varieties. A minding of flowers in which there 

 are various grades of development in the pistils is at. least one of 

 the causes of such incomplete fruiting. Purely staminate flowers 

 and flowers with funetionless pistils are fruitless, and other grades 

 are seedless, near seedless, or strongly seeded. Irregular fruiting 

 from year to year may. in some cases, be due in a large degree to 

 variation in the proportions of the various types of flowers present. 



PERFECT HERMAPHRODITES WITH UPRIGHT STAMENS 



Marked differences in length of filaments, sue of anthers, and - 

 and shape of pistils are to be seen among flowers of this general 

 class. The flowers: illustrated in Figs. 13 to 20 are from well-known 

 varieties. All of these sorts are highly productive of fruits that 

 contain seeds. Ahho the number I - jeds characteristic of the 

 variety may differ somewhat, all 8 - female and the fruit- 



fulness depends on fertih and on the development of seeds. 



As shown in the figures, the stamens of a variety may be so short 

 that they scarcely reach above the stigma Kensington. Fig. 20) and 

 in another variety they may be at least twice that length Cottage. 

 Fig. 14'. All grades between the extremes of length are to be seen 

 among the varieties and the seedlings usually class I -ether as 

 having upright stamens. In all the well-known cultivated varieties 

 of this class. Europe: - D as American, so far as tested by 

 the writer, the pollen is remarkably viable with at least To per cent 

 of all grains germinating in tests. In many seedlings, however, the 

 pollen is mostly shrivelled and not viable in the germination tests, 

 and the presence and general vigor of erect stamens is not a sure 

 indication that the stamens are functional. 



IMPERFECT HERMAPHRODITE WITH ERECT CRINKLED STAMENS 



In these the stamen^ - ing but the rilanients are variously 



-:ed or crinkled in irregular and incomplete spirals. See F:gs. 

 22 to 26 The anthers appear on general examination, to be 

 perfectly formed and to dehisce normally Fig. 24 . Repeated 

 - sts for germination of the pollen were made for several plants 

 bearing these flowers but no germination was obtained. So fa 

 observed all pollen grains are irregularly shrivelled ^Fig. 25). 



