12 



between reflexed and upright, or as a mutation, it is a new type 

 of flower to be recognized in classifying the flowers of grapes. 



FLOWER TYPES WITH SPREADING OR SEMI-REFLEXED STAMENS 



Frequently among the seedlings there are plants with flowers 

 whose stamens have nearly straight or slightly recurved filaments 

 which at the time of complete anthesis stand at a decided angle 

 from the axis of the pistil. In general these may be considered as 

 intermediate between erect and recurved. Flowers of this sort 

 from four plants are shown in Figs. 27 to 30. In these the anthers 

 are well formed and dehisce quite normally, but the pollen was of 

 irregular sizes, more or less shrivelled, and not viable in germination 

 tests. These plants are able, therefore, to function only as females. 



FLOWER TYPES WITH RECURVED STAMENS 



The general character of this sort of flower is shown in Figs. 31 

 to 38, all but one of which are from well-known varieties long 

 recognized as fully or very decidedly self-fruitless. The stamens 

 may be strongly but simply recurved as seen in the flower of Barry 

 (Fig. 32), extremely recurved and curled as in Massasoit (Fig. 36), 

 or of various gradations between such conditions. The filaments 

 are sometimes very slender. The anthers are in various grades of 

 development; and in Barry (Figs. 31 and 32) thay are small in size, 

 many appear to contain no pollen, and some do not dehisce. In other 

 varieties the anthers are uniformly larger and dehisce well and a 

 part of the pollen appears to be normal (Fig. 37). 



The writer made extensive tests for germination of pollen both 

 in varieties and in seedlings having reflexed stamens. In many 

 cases all of the grains were irregularly shrivelled and devoid of granu- 

 lar contents. In other cases some of the grains became spherical 

 on the sugar-agar media and appeared to have granular contents 

 (Fig. 37), but in no case did any pollen from recurved stamens 

 germinate. It should be noted, however, that seeds have evidently 

 been obtained at the Geneva Station from selfing and crossing several 

 of these varieties. Possibly a few of the grains are capable of germi- 

 nating on pistils but incapable of germinating on media that give 

 excellent germination of the pollen from staminate types and from 

 hermaphrodites with normal upright stamens. 



