7 6 



THE ALUMNI JOURNAL 



Urha. 

 Estimated by the hypobromite method in a 



nitrometer. 



Solutions. 

 Potassium bromide . . 125 grammes. 



Bromine 125 



Water sufficient to make . 1000 c.c. 

 Caustic soda .... 250 grammes. 



Water sufficient to make . 1000 c.c. 



Used by mixing equal volumes. 



The accompanying table is calculated from 

 the quantity of urea, taking 400 to 500 grains 

 daily as a normal standard. 



The Relation of Urea to Specific 

 Gravity. 



j» Urea. 

 I. OO 

 I.20 



OBITUARY. 



Sp. grav 

 I.OIO 



1. 012 

 1. 014 

 1. 016 



1. 018 



1.020 

 1.022 

 1.023 



i-35 

 1.50 

 1.65 

 i-75 

 1.85 

 1.90 



Spec. grav. 

 I.024 

 I.025 

 I.026 

 I.027 

 I.028 

 I.029 

 I.030 



Urea. 



1-95 



2.00 



2.05 



2.10 



2.15 

 2.20 

 2.25 



Quantity of urine for twenty-four hours, 90 to 48 fluid- 

 ounces, taking 400 to 500 grains as the normal daily quan. 

 ity. 



Quinine Solvents. — The inconvenience and 

 possible objection to adding sulphuric acid to 

 quinine sulphate, for use in aqueous solution, 

 is noted by Crousel in L' Union Pharmaceu- 

 tique, 1894, who has found a substitute for the 

 acid in tartaric and citric acids, which are 

 already used for preparing solutions of mercuric 

 chloride for subcutaneous injection. These 

 acids agree better with the digestive fluids ; they 

 are, besides, habitually ingested in the form of 

 fermented beverages (wine, cider). They thus 

 constitute eligible solvents of quinine salts, 

 and even of most other alkaloids that are but 

 little or not at all soluble in neutral liquids ; and 

 they will be of special advantage, it is main- 

 tained, in hypodermatic injections, owing to 

 their very feeble action on the constituents of 

 the blood. The proportions necessary to render 

 0.5 Gm. of quinine sulphate soluble in 60 Gm. 

 of distilled water are : tartaric acid, 10 Cgm. ; 

 citric acid, 30 Cgm. 



A CASE is reported in the Indian Medical Re 

 porter, in which a Hindoo woman took 10 

 grains of strychnine hydrochlorate as a poison. 

 Her stomach was vigorously washed out with 

 solution of permanganate of potash and re. 

 peated injections of chloral and potassium bro- 

 mide were given per rectum. She recovered, 

 having taken 220 grains of chloral and 240 

 grains of the bromide.— Brit, and Col. Drug. 



FRIEDRICH AUGUST FLUCKIGER. 

 By EDWARD SCHAER. 



The death on December 1 1 , at Berne, 

 at the age of 66, of Dr. Friedrich August 

 Fliickiger — an Emeritus Professor of the 

 University of Strasburg and one oi the 

 honorary members of the Society — is an 

 event which will produce throughout the 

 entire world, in pharmaceutical circles 

 where science is valued, the deepest re- 

 gret and the greatest sympathy. Since 

 there is no doubt that at a subsequent 

 period a complete biography of this 

 prominent authority and investigator will 

 be published in some German journal, 

 only a short sketch of his life and partial 

 recognition of his scientific achievements 

 will be attempted on the present occa- 

 sion. 



F. A. Fliickiger was born on May 15, 

 1828, at Langenthal, a small village in 

 the Canton of Berne. The son of a mer- 

 chant, he received an education partly in 

 his native country, partly in Berlin, at a 

 commercial institute very celebrated at 

 that time, and he was intended for 

 a pharmaceutical career. He passed 

 through the whole pharmaceutical curri- 

 culum, having been placed as a pupil, 

 in the year 1847, with an apotheker in 

 Solothurn. He was then engaged for a 

 short time in France, Germany and 

 Switzerland, as an assistant, concluding 

 his pharmaceutical studies in the year 

 1851-52 at Heidelburg, where, in the 

 position of chemical assistant to Professor 

 Delffs, he obtained the degree ot Doctor 

 of Philosophy by means of a dissertation 

 upon the fluorine compounds of anti- 

 mony, which was distinguished by the 

 care and precision of the work. 



In the following year he worked in 

 Paris with the well - known chemist, 

 Wurtz, and after adding to his knowl- 



