AKNOLD — THE PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF SAN PEDRO. 



33 



Raised Beach Formation. — The recently raised beach on the north end of 

 Deadinaii Island (see diagram B, Plate XXII) shows that the period of uplift which 

 followed the deposition of the npper San Pedro beds is not yet finished. This raised 

 beach contains many fossil shells in a perfect state of preservation, all of them retain- 

 ing their original color, which suggests how recently tliis uplift has taken place. 



List of Fossils kkom the Raised Bkach, North End of Deadman Island. 



Cryiilomija californica 

 Donax Icevigata 

 Lavicardium subslriatiim 

 Lucina californica 

 Lucina nnltalli 

 Macoma inquinata 



Armiia sperlrum 

 Armiva pelta 

 liiilla ncbulosa 

 Calliostoma canaliculatum 

 Cerilhidca caUfornir.a 

 Ckloro.sloma funcbraie 



pelecypoda. 



Macoma nasuta 

 Macoma secia 

 Mactra catilliformis 

 Mactra falcata 

 Mytilus e.dulix 

 Peclen latiaurilus 



GASTROPODA. 



Coluvibella (jniixnjiiila 

 Cohcmbi'lla var. carinata 

 Contis californicus 

 Orepidula ritgosa 

 Crccihiilntn spitwuum 

 Dritlia viir. pcnicilhUn 



Pecten var. monotimeris 

 Pecten ventricosue 

 Petricola carditoides 

 Tapes staminea 



Tellina bodetidiinis 



lusntirtdla volcano 

 Nassa /oKsala 

 Nassa var. coo/ieri 

 Olivella bipticala 

 Olivella inlorla 



These species are all found living in the waters adjacent to Deadman Island 

 at the i)resent time, and the raised beach specimens are in nearly as good a state of 

 preservation as the living shells. 



5. Post-Pleistocene Deposits. 



Overlying the Pleistocene of Deadman Island, and all along the San Pedro 

 terrace, is soil containing many shells, in fact, in places it is made up almost entirely 

 of shells. These are the remains of ancient Indian kitchen-middens. Ashley ' 

 describes as Quaternary a layer of shells found in the lower terrace of San 

 Pedro Hill. After examining the fossils collected by him, and also visiting the 

 locality from which they came, the writer is convinced that these deposits are simply 

 the shells brought there by the Indians, for the association of species is ncft such as 

 would be found at any one place on the beach; rocky shore and lagoon shells being 

 found in about equal quantities. At every place where these shell deposits in the soil 

 have been examined by the writer they have been found to contain pieces of charcoal, 

 bones of mammals, and other evidences of refuse heaps. These kitchen-middens are 

 common at many places along the coast. Those at Port Harford are over six feet in 

 thickness and have been mistaken by some collectors for Pleistocene strata. 



The shells in these kitchen waste heaps are of a kind that would be used for 

 food, and include such species as Haliotis cracheroidii, Pecten aiquisulcatus, Cliione 

 sacci>icta, Tivela crnssati'lloides, Tapes staminea, Saxidonius aratus, etc. All of the 

 specimens of Haliotis so far recorded from the Pleistocene, with the exception of one 



' The Neocene Stratigraphy of the Santa Cruz Mountains of California. By George H. Ashley. Proc. Cal. Acad. Scl., 2d Ser., 

 Vol. V, 1896, pp. 363-366. 



(S) 



September 26, 1<J02. 



