Page 34 



The limited data at hand and prac- 

 tical experience emphasize strongly 

 the need of large openings to effect 

 a free and abundant circulation. The 

 openings for the intake of cold air 

 should be at least 24 by 18 inches. 

 One such opening should be provided 

 for every 10 feet in length, as well as 

 width, on each side and end of the 

 house. These openings should be op- 

 posite and so arranged that the alleys 

 or spaces between the stacks of fruit 

 in the storage room will come op- 

 posite the openings. 



Operation of Ventilators. 

 As previously explained, the move- 

 ment of air is brought about by the 

 difference in weight of the warm and 

 the cold air. Whenever, therefore, 

 the interior of the building is warmer 

 than the outside air, the cold air will 

 flow in through the lower ventilators 

 if these are left open. The warmer 

 air in the house passing out through 

 the upper ventilators will be replaced 

 by an equal volume of colder air 

 flowing in through the openings at 

 the base of the building. It is there- 

 fore necessary that the temperatures, 

 both inside and outside, be watched 

 carefully and advantage taken of 

 every opportunity to open the house 

 when the air outside is colder than 

 that inside. Air currents through the 

 intake and discharge vents are quickly 

 reversed as soon as the relation of the 

 inside and outside temperatures is 

 change. As soon, therefore, as the air 

 outside becomes warmer than that in- 

 side the storage house all ventilators 

 should be tightly closed and kept 

 closed. 



During the first part of the packing 

 season it is not an uncommon prac- 

 tice to leave the ventilators open all 

 day as well as all night. This prac- 

 tice is contrary to the very principle 

 of cooling by ventilation. If these 

 openings or ventilators are not closed 

 and opened in conformance with ac- 

 tual inside and outside temperatures, 

 they are of no use, and the fruit might 

 as well, or better, be stored in open 

 warehouses. If the vents are left open 

 during the heat of the day, not only 

 will there be a loss of the beneficial 

 effect of the cooling accomplished at 

 night, but the fruit will lose its keep- 

 ing quality more rapidly than if held 

 at a uniform, even though somewhat 

 high, temperature. 



The most careful attention to the 

 proper closing and opening of venti- 

 lators is absolutely essential. No other 

 factor of management is of greater 

 importance in determining the ef- 

 ficiency of an air-cooled storage 

 house. The openings at the end will 

 be of great assistance in facilitating 

 rapid cooling and the maintenance of 

 the desired storage temperatures. 



If the house has not been provided 

 with ample intake vents, the basement 

 doors and those nearest the floor 

 level may be left open on cool nights 

 and made to assist greatly in secur- 

 ing low temperatures. Slatted doors, 

 if necessary, can be provided to keep 



BETTER FRUIT 



out intruders and can be so arranged 

 as not to interfere with closing the 

 insulated door; and, as has been 

 noted, this must be done before the 

 temperature of the outside air begins 

 to rise with the heat of the day. 



If the house is built with a base- 

 ment or a half basement, the cooling 

 of this compartment may be greatly 

 facilitated by providing air intakes by 

 means of large tile or cement pipes 

 connecting the bottom of the base- 

 ment with the lowest near-by outside 

 depression from which water can not 

 be drained into the house. The cold 

 air which naturally collects in the de- 

 pression will thus be permitted to 

 flow into the storage compartment. 



The air shafts for carrying off the 

 warmer air ought to be at least two 

 feet square and should be provided 



September, 1920 



with a closing damper. One such 

 shaft for every 20 feet in length 

 should be sufficient. These shafts 

 should be straight and should extend 

 as high as practicable above the 

 building. 



Where storage houses are entirely 

 above ground or partly below ground, 

 false floors will greatly aid in facili- 

 tating the free circulation of air and 

 the rapid cooling of fruit. 



Ask for Ghirardelli' s 

 Ground Chocolate at the 

 store ivhereyou Jo your 

 trading. Never sold in 

 bulk but in cans only. In 

 this ivay Ghirardelli 's 

 retains its favor and 

 strength — the two most 

 important elements of 

 good chocolate. 



IT'S simple enough — the 

 chocolate-sweetness of 

 Ghirardelli's makes additional 

 sugar unnecessary. Youlose 

 nothing of its deliciousness, its 

 flavor, its strength, when you 

 "pass up" the sugar. ForGhir- 

 ardelli's"stands on itsown feet 

 as a complete food beverage — 

 sufficient unto itself ! 



Say"Gear-ar-c/e//y" 



D. GHIRARDELLI CO. 

 Since 1852 Sun Francisco 



GHIRARDELLI S 



v Ki flNC KD\ B 



MENTION BETTER FRVIT 



