October, 1920 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 31 



Propagation of Apple Trees, Etc. 



Continued from page 5. 



the nursery as Bough. Furthermore, 

 observations made on digging the trees 

 fail to discover any noticeable correla- 

 tion between vigor and rooting. It has 

 seemed to the writer that a small, weak 

 tree was as likely to be rooted from the 

 scion as a strong one. 



Some varieties branch more freely 

 than others. During the season of 1916 

 a block of yearling whips branched 

 quite freely from the newly formed ax- 

 illary buds. Notes taken at the time are 

 as follows: No branches, Northern 

 Spy; few, Baldwin, Bough, Ildenburg, 

 Tolman; all, Transcendent (Crab). 

 This gives no indication of any correla- 

 tion between rooting from the scion and 

 branch growth from axillary buds. A 

 more reasonable expectation might be 

 for a correlation between root forma- 

 tion and branching from adventitous 

 buds on the stem. No exact record of 

 branching from adventitious buds is 

 available, but limited general observa- 

 tion of the behavior of budded trees 

 leads the writer to believe that such a 

 correlation may exist, and that Bough 

 and other free rooting varieties do send 

 out shoots from adventitious buds more 

 freely than Tolman and other varieties 

 that root only sparingly. Further and 

 more definite records may prove or dis- 

 prove this belief. 



The relation of callus formation in 

 cuttings has been referred to. Un- 

 fortunately no full notes of callus for- 

 mation on the cuttings set was kept, but 

 it is suggestive to point out that Yellow 

 Transparent, which uniformly gave as 

 large a callus as any variety, did not 

 root as well as Wagener, which never 

 gave any sign of callus formation. 



Neither can we discover any rela- 

 tionship between rooting from the scion 

 and season of maturity, either of fruit 

 or wood, nor in size of leaves or density 

 of foliage. 



Many woody plants are propagated 

 from cuttings, and in general it is those 

 with soft wood that grow most readily. 

 There is considerable variation in hard- 

 ness of wood among different varieties 

 of apples, and we may inquire if those 

 with softer woods are the ones that 

 root most readily from the scion. No 

 extended investigation of this question 

 has been made at this station. Beach 

 and Allen made extensive tests of the 

 hardness of wood of different varie- 

 ties. They found considerable differ- 

 ence within the variety, and a clear 

 comparison of their results with root- 

 ing ability, as shown by their investi- 

 gation, is difficult, but a general survey 

 of their results leads to a belief that 

 there is a general correlation. It is, 

 however, subject to exceptions. Beach 

 and Allen of the Iowa Experiment Sta- 

 tion came to the conclusion that there 

 was a correlation between hardness of 

 wood and resistance to winter cold, and 

 here again there seems to be a rather 

 loose correlation with rooting ability. 

 Oldenburg and Wealthy are very hardy 

 and root poorly, and Bough is tender 

 and roots well. But Ben Davis is quite 

 hardy and roots comparatively well, 

 and Hubbardston and Tolman are less 



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