Page 26 



ings in the trade. Apples may appear 

 to be in most excellent condition when 

 removed from storage and loaded for 

 shipment and yet if they should en- 

 counter a day or two of warm weather 

 in transit, arrive at their destination in 

 a practically worthless condition. Trou- 

 bles like this are likely to be particu- 



BETTER FRUIT 



larly serious in after-storage shipments 

 to southern markets. 



With the prevailing cool weather in 

 the more northern markets scalded ap- 

 ples can usually be disposed of before 

 the disease has had time to become 

 seriously evident. At least they can be 

 passed along to the consumer and if he 



B. T. S. 



DRY POWDERED 



BARIUM-SULPHUR COMPOUND 



PATENTED APRIL 23, 1918 



B. T. S. is a definite chemical compound of sulphur with barium in which all 

 of the sulphur and all of the barium are available as active ingredients. Although 

 barium belongs to the same chemical group as calcium (or lime), it possesses in 

 addition certain properties which when combined with sulphur greatly increase 

 the efficiency of both materials, rendering the compound remarkably effective in 

 killing scale insects. Barium sulphur compounds possess a stability that cannot 

 be secured in dry compounds of either lime or soda with sulphur. This means 

 that B. T. S. has the advantage of being more dependable as a spray, and less 

 liable to cause serious injury to plants. 



It dissolves readily in cold water. By the elimination of the water and reducing 

 to dryness, the weight in shipping is reduced about 80% as compared with lime- 

 sulphur solution, loss from leakage is eliminated, and transportation costs are cut 

 to a minimum. 



B. T. S. may be substituted for lime-sulphur solution in all spraying operations, 

 in both dormant and growing period applications on deciduous and citrus trees. 



Growers who have used B. T. S. have found it in all respects equal in efficiency 

 to the solution, and owing to the greater convenience of handling, prefer it to the 

 more bulky and inconvenient liquid. 



Our interests are the same as yours. Write us about your tree troubles, and 

 ask for Bulletin No, 3 on Dormant Spraying of Deciduous Fruit Trees. 



Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead. 



Standard Paste Arsenate of Lead. 



Atomic Sulphur (patented). 



Bordeaux Mixture Paste. 



Dry Powdered Bordeaux Mixture. 



Universal Brand Dormant Soluble Oil. 



Universal Brand Miscible Oil. 



Universal Brand Distillate Oil Emulsion. 



SPbgL 

 MATERIALS 



GENERAL CHEMICAL COMPANY 



1811 L. C. SMITH BUILDING, SEATTLE 



Ridley,Houlding&Co. 



COVENT GARDEN, LONDON 

 WE ARE 



Specialists in 

 Apples and Pears 



CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING, LONDON 



Codes: A. B. C. 5th Edition and Modern Economy 



December, iqio 



eats them or cooks them at once every- 

 body is satisfied. But if he holds them 

 a few days for table use and finds thai 

 his good apples of today look like rot- 

 ten ones tomorrow he is not left in a 

 frame of mind to repeat his order or to 

 do his part in apple consumption. The 

 farther south the market the more 

 serious is the difficulty of handling 

 scalded apples. The larger amount of 

 scald is not due to any shock resulting 

 from bringing the fruit directly into 

 warmer temperatures but merely to the 

 fact that the higher temperatures al- 

 low the scald that is already present 

 lo become evident before the fruit can 

 be sold. 



Along with the temperature work the 

 effects of ventilation and aeration were 

 tested and the results were most sur- 

 prising. We found that we could en- 

 tirely prevent scald on any variety and 

 at any temperature either high or low 

 bv giving the fruit fresh air. This 

 threw a new light on the nature of the 

 disease; it was apparently due to some 

 condition in the air that was produced 

 by the apples themselves. It also 

 offered promise of a practical solution 

 of the problem by means of ventilation. 

 Our first tests were made in our own 

 small refrigeration plant and for the 

 past three years we have been carrying 

 on aeration and ventilation experiments 

 in various commercial storage plants. 

 Under commercial conditions the great 

 difficulty is to really secure an aeration 

 that will reach the apples themselves. 

 In the cold storage room everything is 

 conducive to air stagnation. The rooms 

 are stacked as full as possible and 

 everything stands at practically one 

 temperature. There is nothing in the 

 general nature of things to start the 

 air in motion and it seems practically 

 impossible to do so with any efficiency 

 by resorting to special equipment. Fans 

 send a current down the aisles but the 

 air back in the stacks is little disturbed. 

 Where the rooms are cooled by the air 

 circulation or bunker system there is 

 a very slight breeze across the top of 

 the room but it seems to have little 

 effect upon the mass of the storage air. 

 If windows are thrown open it is 

 usually done when the temperature out- 

 side is practically the same as that in- 

 side and unless there is a strong wind 

 prevailing in the proper direction the 

 air in the storage room is but little af- 

 fected. All of these things have been 

 tested as to their effects upon scald 

 and in spite of the very slight aeration 

 secured all have been found to he of 

 some value especially to the more ex- 

 posed fruit. 

 (To be concluded in January number.) 



Nitrate of soda applied to the soil at 

 the rale of ."> pounds per prune tree, ac- 

 cording lo the Oregon Agricultural Col- 

 lege, resulted in an increase of one- 

 third the untreated crop in one Oregon 

 orchard last year. Beneficial results 

 both in the tree growth and fruitful- 

 iuss were obtained in almost every 

 trial in the Oakland sandy loam, the 

 Lookingglass light hill soil and The 

 Dalles reddish hill soil. 



