Page 36 



case's solicited by means of the above 

 questionnaire will be given later. 



Hedriek believes that larger, erisper, 

 and juicier fruits with an increased or 

 decreased degree of sweetness or sour- 

 ness can be grown on some stocks than 

 on others, but he does not agree with 

 the opinion often expressed that the 

 characteristic flavor of the fruit is 

 changed because of the use of certain 

 stocks. 



The whole question seems to be of a 

 very complicated nature and the ob- 

 servations very subjective, especially in 

 the case of apples. Thus hardly any 

 general rules can be drawn from evi- 

 dence on hand. 



This is more true if we consider the 

 keeping quality of the apple as in- 

 fluenced by the stock. This question, 

 though of great economic importance, 

 has not come under general observation 

 long enough to allow any opinions to 

 be drawn from the scanty information 

 that has been precipitated here and 

 there. In general it can be said, how- 

 ever, that the keeping quality is not 

 materially altered by the use of a cer- 

 tain stock. 



Most recent opinions of practical hor- 

 ticulturists on the question of the in- 

 fluence of the stock on the top grafted 

 apple, as solicited through the above 

 questionnaire gave the following an- 

 swers: 



Has fruit been modified in respect to 



Yes No 



Color 30 4G 



Size 48 44 



Quality 22 45 



Keeping quality 19 46 



Total 119 181 



Of these, there were thirty replies 

 stating specifically that the size of fruit 

 has been increased because of top 

 working. Other seven growers are of 

 the opinion that the effect on fruit is 

 only an indirect one — by means of mod- 

 ifying the general health and vigor of 

 the tree. 



From these replies it is seen that 

 while 39.5 per cent of the total answers 

 received expressed the belief that the 

 apple is influenced in respect to color, 

 size, quality and keeping quality of the 

 fruit, 60.5 per cent of those replying are 

 of the contrary opinion. 



As seen, a majority of the replies in- 

 dicate that the size of fruit has been 

 increased because of top working, 

 while there are nearly as many who do 

 not think so. The second most ob- 

 served effect seems to be that of change 

 of color of fruit. Yet only thirty peo- 

 ple replying believed this to be the case, 

 while forty-six are of the contrary 

 opinion. But most of the replies state 

 a negative belief concerning the change 

 of eating and keeping quality of the 

 fruit. 



These answers seem to agree quite 

 well with the opinions of well known 



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horticulturists of this country. While 

 there seems to be more or less change 

 in size and color because of the use of 

 different stocks, there is but little evi- 

 dence that the quality and especially 

 keeping quality has been altered. Judg- 

 ing from the specific instances quoted 



January, 1921 



above, it would seem that the stock 

 affects in many cases the flavor, es- 

 pecially acidity of the fruit. This ap- 

 pears to be particularly true in cases 

 where there is a great difference in 

 this respect between the fruit of the 

 stock and the scion. 



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