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INCUBATORS SAVE TIME AND MONEY. 



An incubator brooder is an important asset 

 to every poultry breeder. The time to buy an 

 incubator is in the fall or the early winter 

 months, before it will be needed. By adopt- 

 ing this plan the purchaser can give himself 

 a little time to learn something about op- 

 erating the machine. In fact it is a good idea 

 to make several experimental hatchings before 

 the apparatus is put to the test at its full 

 capacity. An incubator brooder is a big help 

 to the Northern poultry breeder because it 

 makes it possible to hatch the chicks early and 

 allows them to get a vigorous growth before 

 cold weather comes in the fall. Consequently 

 they commence laying earlier and become 

 profit makers long before the usual run of 

 hen-hatched chicks. 



To obtain the best results from an incuba- 

 tor it should be obtained in time so that it 

 can be filled and set going during the last 

 half of February. By this plan the chicks 

 should all be hatched by the last of April 

 and if properly housed and fed will become 

 profitable winter layers. It requires study, 

 patience and considerable work to raise chicks 

 artificially, but the successful management of 

 an incubator is not a task that will seriously 

 burden anyone of active mind and industrious 

 habits, and is not only a time, but a money 

 saver. 



GOOD TYPE OF POULTRY HOUSE. 



A good type of poultry house is one that 

 has a good sized scratching room and a small 

 roosting and laying room with one small 

 window, and a tight, closely fitting door. This 

 insures a warm roosting place in winter. In 

 summer the tight fitting door can be replaced 

 with one made of slats. Instead of an open 

 shed scratching room that may fill with snow 

 in winter a large room with two sliding win- 

 dows should be provided, or a large open 

 space left in which can be hung a muslin cur- 

 tain provided the climate is not too severe. 



Wire netting can be placed over this space 

 to keep the fowls in and the windows can be 

 opened to any width desired according to the 

 weather conditions. This gives the benefits of 

 fresh air without its disadvantages. 



The nests should have closed hinged fronts 

 and should be so arranged as to be accessible 

 from the rear. This will provide the ideal 

 laying condition by keeping them very dark. 

 This plan of poultry house is one that should 

 meet the requirements of the average orchard- 

 ist as it can be constructed at a comparatively 

 small cost and may be built small or large, 

 depending on the number of fowls to be kept. 



PRODUCING WINTER EGGS. 



A good daily ration to produce winter eggs 

 particularly for early hatched pullets is a 

 scratch grain of 10 pounds of shelled corn and 

 5 pounds of dry threshed oats. With this 

 should be fed a dry mash of 3 pounds of wheat 

 shorts and 1 y> pounds commercial meat scraps. 



Where milk is plentiful three gallons of 

 skimmed milk or buttermilk furnished each 

 100 hens daily will take the place of meat 

 scraps. Either milk or some form of lean 

 meat should be supplied in every ration for 

 successful winter egg production. Barley or 

 feed wheat may be used instead of oats. Corn 

 meal or ground oats may be substituted for 

 shorts in the mash. Alfalfa or clover leaves 

 may take the place of the bran, or a good grade 

 of tankage may be used instead of the meat 

 scraps. 



In feeding this ration all grain should be 

 fed in deep straw to compel the hens to exer- 

 cise. The mash should be fed in self-feeding 

 hoppers or troughs and a supply kept before 

 the birds at all times. In addition to this 

 ration there should be an abundance of water, 

 a supply of green food and free access to 

 sharp grit and crushed oyster shells as well. 



BREEDING FOR EGGS. 



The trapnest has come to be looked upon by 

 poultrymen with large flocks as invaluable. 

 In order to know accurately just how many 

 eggs a hen produces and which are the non- 

 producers and the profitable fowls the trap- 

 nest is the best method that can be used. 



One of the most valuable purposes for which 

 the trapnest can be used is to find out just 

 hew well the best of the flock is laying in 

 order that the good layers may be identified 

 and mated to males out of good layers. In 

 this way a progressive improvement can be 



BETTER FRUIT 



made in the average of the flock that will 

 reach a high standard. The trapnesting of the 

 breeders therefore is very important as they 

 are going to produce the future layers. 



DESIGNATING POULTRY STOCK. 

 The exact meaning of the terms used to des- 

 ignate young and old poultry stock are often 

 confusing. According to an expert a pullet, 

 strictly speaking, is a female under one year 

 old. After she has attained her full maturity 

 she is a hen, but in the trade a fowl is spoken 

 of as a pullet until she has commenced her 

 first year's laying. Therefore it is said to be 

 correct to speak of her as pullet until she is 



January, 1921 



eighteen months old or has commenced to 

 molt. A cockerel is a male bird under one 

 year old, but is usually spoken of as a 

 cockerel until he has at least entered well upon 

 his first year as a breeding cockerel. 



Cocks are older males, usually having passed 

 through one season's breeding. A cockerel 

 should never be used to breed from before he 

 is a year old. A pullet if she begins to lay 

 at six months may be bred from at nine 

 months of age. 



GREEN FOOD. 



It is important that some kind of green 



food should be supplied when fowls are con- 



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