April 1921 



decided increase in the percentage of 

 "stings." 



During the summer applications, that 

 is, after the trees have developed a 

 large proportion of their foliage, the 

 spray requirements for each application 

 are about the same. In orchards where 

 careful records of spray usage have 

 been obtained we have found that as- 

 sociated with regular amounts of spray 

 used is a very decided irregularity iD 

 insect and disease control. In numerous 

 instances it has been observed that 

 these irregularities — failure to use suf- 

 ficient amounts of material (gallons per 

 tree) in some of the sprays — has caused 

 a loss through the increase in damaged 

 fruit that would have more than paid 

 the total spraying charges for the entire 

 year. 



AVERAGE SPRAY REQUIREMENTS FOR 

 BEST CONTROL ON TREES OF 



DIFFERENT AGES" 



3 c 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 13 



So 



ui < <Sj U 



••Based upon information obtained in a number 

 of successfully sprayed orchards during the years 

 1912, 1918 and 1919. 



THE tree requirements for the dif- 

 ferent sprays used in combating 

 our various troubles are quite varied. 

 It has been found that in order to ob- 

 tain a complete covering with the mis- 

 cible oil spray used largely for the con- 

 trol of the leaf-roller in the Hood 

 River Valley — and applied as a delayed 

 dormant spray, much more spray must 

 be used than is needed for the late 

 spring and summer applications of ar- 

 senate of lead and lime sulphur for the 

 control of codling-moth and apple-scab. 

 The reason for this greater requirement 

 is due undoubtedly to the fact that the 

 twigs and branches must all be thor- 

 oughly covered if the desired results 

 to be obtained. In so doing the tree 

 must be very carefully worked over 

 and in view of the fact that, contrary 

 to the usual belief, oil does not spread 

 easily, a good deal of spray is lost in 

 obtaining a complete covering. In the 

 case of seventeen-year-old trees stud- 

 ied, about two gallons more per tree is 

 used with the oil spray than with the 

 summer applications. The proportions 

 were about the same in trees of other 

 ages. Next in point of requirements 

 comes the full bordeaux mixture used 

 for the control of anthracnose. Here 

 again the essential factor involved is the 



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"The bushel basket furnishes many economies. 

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 in transportation cost without the subsequent neces- 

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If you are going to plant legumes such as Alfalfa, Clover, Peas, 

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thorough covering of all of the twigs, 

 branches and trunks, a procedure re- 

 quiring more time and materials than 

 is found necessary for the coating of 

 foliage and fruit in the summer sprays. 

 It has been noted that about a gallon 

 and a half more spray is required in 

 the autumn on old, bearing trees to co- 

 ver them completely than is required 

 on the same trees during the summer. 

 The table shows the average amount of 

 spray per tree applied in well sprayed 



orchards of different ages in the Hood 

 River Valley where very satisfactory 

 results have been obtained. 



As the summer approaches look out 

 for sun scald on trees that have not suf- 

 ficient foliage to shade their own trunk 

 and main limbs. A little care will en- 

 able you to shade the threatened parts 

 in some manner and thus avoid having 

 damaged bark on the southwest side of 

 the tree. 



