February, 1921 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 



Applying the Spray from Gasoline-Propelled Truck. 



expressions "lime-sulphur 1 to 8, 1 to 

 30," etc., mean one gallon of this com- 

 mercial lime-sulphur added to 8 gallons 

 or to 30 gallons of water, etc. When the 

 lime-sulphur is. made at home it should 

 always be tested with a hydrometer, 

 and dilutions made according to the 

 tables which are printed herewith. It 

 should be remembered, however, that 

 thoroughness of application is always 

 more important than minute exactness 

 of dilution. 



STANDARD LIME-SULPHUR DILUTION 

 TABLE. 



Showing in columns 1, 2, 3 and 4 the number 

 of gallons of water required for each gallon of 



concentrated solution to obtain the desired 

 strength. 



Hydrometer Test 12 3 4 



of Early Mid I.ate 



Stock Solution Dormant Spring Spring Spring 



Baunie Specific Spray Spray Sprav Spray 



Scale Gravity (1-8) (1-30) (1-40) (1-50) 



Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons 



34° 1.304 8% 32 43 53% 



32° 1.2S2 8 30 40 50 



30° 1.200 714 28 37 46 



28° 1.239 6% 25% 34 42% 



20° 1.218 6 23% 31 39 



24° 1.198 5Vi 21% 28% 35% 



22° 1.179 4% 19V> 26 32 



20° 1.160 4 17% 23 28 



SIMPLIFIED LIME-SULPHUR DILUTION 



TABLE. 

 To make 50 gallons of dilute spray use the 

 quantity of concentrated lime-sulphur indi- 

 cated in columns 1, 2, 3 and 4 for the different 

 strengths, and dilute with water to 50 gallons. 

 Hydrometer Test 12 3 4 



of Early Mid Late 



Stock Solution Dormant Spring Spring Spring 

 Ranme Specific Spray Spray Spray Spray 



Scale Gravity (1-8) (1-30) (1-40) (1-50) 



Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons 

 34° 1.304 5 1% 1 It 



32° 1.282 5% iy 2 * 1* 1 



30° 1.260 6 1% 114 1* 



28° 1.239 6% 1%' 114' lMt 



26° 1.218 7 2 1% lVi 



21° 1.198 8 2% 1% iy»t 



22° 1.179 9 2 V, 2t 1% 



20° 1.160 10 2% 2* l4it 



* Means use a little over measure. 

 t Means use scant measure. 



Dry Lime-Sulphur: Several firms are 

 now putting on the market preparations 

 of lime-sulphur in dry form. These are 

 convenient to use and appear not to be 

 more injurious to foliage or fruit than 

 the ordinary lime-sulphur. Unfortu- 

 nately the experiment station has thus 

 far been unable to make satisfactory 

 comparative tests between these dry 

 forms and the liquid material as far as 

 control of diseases or insect pects is con- 

 cerned. At present, therefore, no state- 

 ment as to relative effectiveness can 

 be made except that from analyses by 

 the department of chemistry it appears 

 that it will take about four pounds of 

 the dry lime-sulphur to be equal in 



fungicidal or insecticidal strength to 

 one gallon of the average commercial 

 liquid lime-sulphur. 



An Aid to Thoroughness: Iron Sul- 

 phate (Copperas): This material, dis- 

 solved in water and added to the spray 

 tank at the rate of half a pound of iron 

 sulphate to each gallon of concentrated 

 lime-sulphur used, will turn the solu- 

 tion black without impairing its value. 

 This black color is a valuable indicator 

 for the man who is spraying, enabling 

 him to determine exactly how well he 

 is covering the tree. 



Arsenate of Lead: Arsenate of lead 

 is prepared in paste form and as a 

 powder. Both are effective in the con- 

 trol of insects. Recent investigations 

 indicate that unless one is near the 



using the paste arsenate, double the 

 amount here recommended. 



Two types of lead arsenate occur, 

 known respectively as the basic lead 

 arsenate (neutral arsenate) or triplum- 

 bic, and the lead hydrogen arsenate 

 (acid arsenate) or diplumbic. The neu- 

 tral arsenate of lead is a more stable 

 compound and is safer to use on tender 

 foliage or in combination sprays where 

 there is a tendency to burn. The acid 

 arsenate has much to render it superior 

 for most poison spray work and is con- 

 sidered safe in combination with lime- 

 sulphur on apples and pears. Commer- 

 cial lead arsenates are generally the 

 acid forms unless otherwise branded. 



Arsenate of Lime: Arsenate of lime 

 or calcium arsenate has recently ap- 

 peared as a commercial substitute for 

 the lead arsenates. The value of this 

 material lies in the reduced cost and 

 higher poison content pound for pound. 

 Methods for manufacturing the calcium 

 arsenates have not, thus far, been stand- 

 ardized; brands therefore vary greatly 

 in their chemical and physical proper- 

 ties. The calcium arsenates are less 

 stable than the lead arsenate. This 

 lack of stability increases the possibil- 

 ity of hum and makes necessary the ad- 

 dition of some material as a stabilizer. 

 For this purpose, excess lime is gener- 

 ally added to the spray solutions. Sum- 

 marizing our present knowledge of cal- 

 cium arsenate as a commercial orchard 

 spray, we may state that, with an ex- 

 cess of lime present in the solution, the 

 material is safe and highly efficient as 

 a spray. Probably there is, at present, 

 no adequate reason for a wholesale 



Spraying Outfit Hauled by 



place of manufacture, thus insuring 

 that the paste be freshly made, the 

 powdered arsenates are probably ad- 

 visable. The proportions recommended 

 in this article are figured on the basis 

 of the powdered form. For example, 

 "lead arsenate 3-200" means powdered- 

 lead arsenate three pounds to 200 gal- 

 lons of the dilute spray solution. In 



and Powered from Tractor. 



abandonment of lead arsenate in favor 

 of calcium arsenate. Growers contem- 

 plating the use of calcium arsenate in 

 the orchard are advised to submit sam- 

 ples to the Oregon Experiment Station 

 for analysis and consequent instruc- 

 tions on the exact procedure in prepar- 

 ing the solution. 



Nicotine: Nicotine as recommended 



RHODES MFG. CO., 

 . DIVISION AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 



"THE only 

 pruner 

 made that cuts 

 rom both sides of 

 rb and does not 

 i bark. Made in 

 and sizes. All 

 delivered free 

 your door. 

 Write for 

 circular and 

 prices. 



VBRTXSERS MENTION PFTTFR FRF 



