Page 8 



BETTER FRUIT 



February, 192 1 



in this article refers to the concen- 

 trated nicotine sulphate, 40 per cent so- 

 lution. A strength of 1 to 1200, which 

 is equal to one pint in 150 gallons, is 

 sufficiently strong for most troubles; 

 frequently higher dilutions are possible. 

 Soap or lime-sulphur improves the 

 spreading and killing powers of the nic- 

 otine solution. 



Oil Sprays: The use of oil emulsions 

 for the dormant spray has not been 

 generally recommended or practiced in 

 Oregon. For certain insect troubles 

 they are superior to other sprays, and 

 they are probably of equal value with 

 lime-sulphur as a dormant insecticide 

 for scale, red spider, mite, etc. Limited 

 observations indicate that an occasional 

 application of oil spray has a beneficial 

 effect in softening and smoothing the 

 bark and producing a generally stimu- 

 lating effect on the tree. The action of 

 an oil spray is comparatively slow and 

 where rain follows within six or eight 

 days after the application, the effec- 

 tiveness is materially decreased. Par- 

 ticular care should be taken, therefore, 

 to apply the oil during settled weather. 



Spreaders are substances to be added 

 to the spray solution which improve the 

 effectiveness by increasing the wetting 

 and covering powers of the spray as 

 well as the adhesiveness, thus affording 

 a greater protection for a longer time. 

 It is our conviction that most of our 

 standard sprays will be materially im- 

 proved by the use of spreaders. Their 

 use is particularly advised in the sum- 

 mer applications of arsenate for the 

 codling moth. 



Unsafe Combinations: The combina- 

 tions recommended in this article are 

 safe under ordinary conditions. Re- 

 garding combinations not referred to 

 here, consult the Oregon Agricultural 

 College. 



The Dusting Method. 



The possibility of applying fungicides 

 and insecticides in a dust form has re- 

 cently attracted much attention. The 

 advantages are rapidity of application, 

 the saving in labor, and the very light 

 outfit required. There is also no water 

 supply problem or need of hauling 

 heavy loads of liquid. The cost of mate- 

 rial is, however, much greater than for 

 liquid sprays. A great disadvantage 

 also seems to be that effective work is 

 impossible where even a slight breeze 

 is blowing. Furthermore, there have 

 been found no dust materials effective 

 for the control of scale, aphids, apple- 

 tree anthracnose, peach-leaf curl, and 

 some other troubles. Unless later de- 

 velopments overcome these disadvan- 

 tages, therefore, the dusting outfit must 

 be considered only as a supplement to 

 the regular spray outfit, and not a prac- 

 tical substitution for it under Oregon 

 conditions. 



With very few exceptions, the regu- 

 lar spray program as recommended for 

 the control of apple scale and codling 

 moth should be followed in the bearing 

 orchard. Frequent orchard inspections 

 should be made, and where other pests 

 and diseases are found, the proper ap- 

 lications for their control should be 

 given. 



Applicaltoi 

 1. Dormant t 

 Spray. 



SPRAY PROGRAM 

 Time Applied 



FOR APPLIES AND PEARS 



Pest or Disease and Materials to Use 



As the winter buds are 

 swelling and before 

 they open. 



For San Jose Scale, Red Spider Mite, Blister Mite: 



(Pear) Use lime-sulphur 1-8 or miscible oil 1-17. 



For Leaf Roller* : Use miscible oil 1-17. 



2. Delnyedf Pears: Cluster bud scales 



Dormant separating. 



Spray. Apples: Young leaves sep- 



arated just enough to 



expose blossom buds. 



For Scab and Mildew': Use lime-sulphur 1-30. 



For Aphids: Add nicotine 1-1200. 



For Bud Moth : Add arsenate of lead 4-200. 



3. Pink or 

 Pre-blossom 

 Spray. 



When the blossom buds 

 are well separated in 

 the cluster, just before 

 opening. 



For Scab and Mildew: Lime-sulphur 1-40. 

 For Bud Moth, Leaf Rotter, Pear Fruit Worm: 

 Add arsenate of lead 4-200. 



4. Calyx Just as the last petals are 



Spray. falling and before the 



calyx closes on main 

 bud of each cluster. 



For Scab and Mildew: Lime-sulphur 1-40. 

 For Codling Moth (apples only): 

 Add arsenate of lead 3-200. 



5. Ten-day 

 Spray. 



Ten days or two weeks 

 after the calyx applica- 

 tion. 



For Scab and Mildew: 



Use lime-sulphur 1-40 or 1-50 (or self-boiled 

 lime-sulphur S-8-50, if burning is feared). 



For Pear Slug: Add lea d arsenate 3-200. 



6. Thirty-day 

 Spray. 



Four or five weeks after 

 the calyx application. 



7. July 

 Spray. 



8. August 

 Spray. 



July 10 to 25, depending 

 on locality and season. 



For Scab and Mildew*: 



Use lime-sulphur 1-50 (or self-boiled lime-sul- 

 phur 8-8-50, to prevent burning). 



For Codling Moth*: Add arsenate of lead 3-200. 



For Green and Woolly Aphis: Use nicotine 1-1200. 

 1'or Codling Molh* (second generation) : 

 Use arsenate of lead 3-200. 



August 5 to September 5, 

 depending on locality 

 and season. 



9. Fall 

 Spray. 



Late October, or imme- 

 diately after fruit is 

 picked. 



For Anthracnose: 



Use Bordeaux 6-6-50, or lime-sulphur 1-8. 

 For Pear Leaf Blister Mite* and Scale: 



Use lime-sulphur 1-8. 



SPRAY PROGRAM FOR PRUNES AND PLUMS 



Dormant 

 Spray. 



Just as the winter buds 

 are opening. 



For San Jose Scale, Red Spider Mites, Twig Miner: 

 Use lime-sulphur 1-8. 



Pre-blossom 

 Spray. 



When the blossom buds 

 are showing white, just 

 before opening. 



For Brown Rot* Blossom Blight: 



Use Bordeaux 4-4-50, or lime-sulphur 1-30. 

 For Rnd Moth: Add lead arsenate 2-100. 

 For Aphids: Add nicotine 1-1200. 



First Fruit 

 Spray. 



As soon as the "shucks" 

 or calvx parts are off 

 the fruit. 



For Brown Rot and Leaf Spot* 1 : 



Use Bordeaux 4-4-50, or self-boiled lime-sul- 

 phur 8-8-50, with spreader. 



For Synela: Add neutral or triplumbic lead arse- 

 nate paste 7-100. 



June 

 Spray. 



About June 1. 



For Leaf Spot (beneficial for Brown Rot also): 

 Use Bordeaux 4-4-50, or self-boiled lime-sul- 

 phur 8 8-50, with spreader. 



5. July 

 Spray. 



About July 1. 



For Leaf Spot (beneficial for Brown Rot also): 

 Use same materials as in preceding. 



6. August 

 Spray. 



About one month before 

 picking time. 



For Blown Rot': Use Bordeaux 4-4-50, or self- 

 boiled lime-sulphur 8-8-50; add spreader. 



SPRAY PROGRAM FOR PEACHES 



Leaf Curl 

 Spray. 



From December to mid- 

 February. 



Late Dormant 

 Spray. 



Just as the first buds are 

 ready to open. 



For Pench Twig Miner. San Jose Scale, Red Snider 

 Mite: Use lime-sulphur 1-8. (If scale is absent 

 dilute 1-12.) 



For Aphids: Add nicotine 1-1200. 



For Bud Moth: Add lead arsenate 2-100. 



First Fruit 

 Spray. 



Just after the "shucks" 

 or calyx parts fall off. 



For I'eueh Wight' on fruit and leaves: 



Use self-boiled lime-sulphur 8-8-50. (Many 

 growers use Bordeaux 1—1—50 with good results.) 



Second Fruit 



Spray. 



Last Fruit 

 Spray. 



About two or three weeks 

 after the preceding. 



FPr Peach Blight on fruit and leaves: 

 Use self-boiled lime-sulphur 8-8-50. 



About one month before 

 picking. 



For Brown Hot: 



Use self-boiled lime-sulphur 8-8-50. 

 For Hud Moth and Peach Twig Miner: 



Add lead arsenate 2-100. 



6. Early Fall 

 Spray. 



7. Late Fall 

 Spray. 



As soon as the fruit is 

 picked. 



SPRAY PROGRAM FOR CHERRIES 



Dormant 

 Spray. 



Just as the winter buds 

 are beginning to open. 



Pre-blossom 

 Spray. 



When blossom buds show- 

 white, just before they 

 open. 



First Fruit 

 Spray. 



As soon as most of the 

 "shucks" or calyx parts 

 have fallen. 



Second Fruit 

 Spray. 



July 



Spray. 



After the fruit is picked 

 or about first of July. 



For San Jose Scale and Red Spider Mite: 

 Use lime-sulphur 1-8. 



For Aphids: Add nicotine 1-1200 and apply Tan- 

 glefoot in band around trunk to prevent ants 

 carrying aphids up the tree. 



For Brown Rot Blossom Blight*: Use Bordeaux 

 4-1-50, or lime-sulphur 1-30, with spreader. 



For Bud Moth and Syneta: Add neutral or tri- 

 plumbic lead arsenate paste 7-100. 

 iFoVLeaf Spot* and Brown Rot: 

 Use Bordeaux 4-4-50, or lim. 

 self-boiled lime-sulphur 8-8-50. 



For Syneta: Add neutral or triplumbic lead arse- 

 nate paste 7-100. _^__ 



~Fol- Brown Rot and Leaf Spot: Use Bordeaux 

 4-4-50, or self-boiled lime-sulphur 8-8-50. 



For Slug: Add neutral or triplumbic lead arse- 

 nate paste 7-1 no. 



For Leaf Spot: Use Bordeaux 4-4-50, or self- 

 boiled lime-sulphur 8-8-50. 



August 

 Spray. 



About the first week in 

 August. 



•When a pest or disease is marked with a star (•) see special discussions regarding it. 

 t Spraying for San Jose scale and red spiders may be deferred until the Delayed Dormant 

 (No. 2) if the strength of lime-sulphur in No. 2 is increased to 1-3. 



