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tained in the orchard. To clean up an 

 old moss-covered orchard add common 

 soda lye to the dormant spray or spray 

 straight lye dissolved in water at the 

 rate of one pound to five or six gallons. 

 Such strong caustic, however, should 

 be used with caution. Bordeaux mix- 

 ture and winter strength lime-sulphur 

 are also of value. 



Drouth Spot, Cork and Bitter Pit or 

 Baldwin Spot of Apples: These are 

 physiological troubles not caused by 

 parasite organisms and hence not con- 

 trollable by spraying. 



Diseases of Stone Fruits. 



Brown Bot of Stone Fruits: This is 

 the worst disease of prunes in Oregon, 

 frequently destructive to cherries, and 

 sometimes bad on peaches. It varies 

 tremendously in severity from year to 

 year. It often causes considerable dam- 

 age in prunes and cherries by blossom 



BETTER FRUIT 



blight. Attacks of fruit rot are likely 

 to develop at any time during the sea- 

 son when there is continued moisture, 

 particularly when accompanied by 

 warm temperatures. A rigid spray 

 schedule, therefore, cannot be adhered 

 to. The worst attacks occur almost al- 

 ways during the ripening and picking 

 period. Hence it is usually very desir- 

 able to give a thorough spraying about 

 a month before picking. Other sprays 

 should be given when conditions seem 

 to justify them. 



Leaf Spot or Yellow-Leaf Disease of 

 Prunes and Cherries: Caused by a fun- 

 gus known in its summer stage as Cylin- 

 drosporium. Besults in dropping of 

 leaves. This, if severe, brings about poor 

 fruit development, retarded growth, and 

 reduced or weakened fruit buds. Spray- 

 ing will materially lessen the disease. 

 Attacks vary greatly in severity from 

 year to year. Hence growers are ad- 



February, 1021 



vised to watch and spray when first 

 signs of the disease are evident. 



Internal Browning and Gum Spot of 

 Prune Fruit: These are physiological 

 troubles and not controlled by sprays. 

 Often mistaken for brown rot and in- 

 secl attack. 



Peach Blight: Infections take place 

 abundantly during fall rains and cause 

 the death of buds and the girdling of 

 twigs during the winter. Then in the 

 spring new infections attack fruit and 

 foliage, causing fruit spot and leaf shot- 

 hole. The first fall spray should be 

 given before rains begin. 



Peach Leaf Curl: Infections take 

 place just as the leaves are emerging. 

 The one spray needed must be applied 

 before any of the leaf tips are out. 

 Fvery bud and twig must be thorough- 

 ly covered. Leaf curl may be controlled 

 by a winter application even as early 

 as the first of December. Bordeaux 

 gives more uniform success than lime- 

 sulphur in controlling the disease. 



Powdery Mildew of Peaches: The 

 first control applications should be 

 given soon after the winter buds have 

 come out and while the leaves are still 

 very small; repeat at intervals of three 

 or four weeks until mildew is elim- 

 inated and give another spray if it be- 

 gins to show again. Use self-boiled 

 lime-sulphur 8-8-50 with spreader 

 added. In warm weather dusting with 

 very finely powdered dusting sulphur 

 should be effective. 



Bacterial Gummosis: This disease is 

 common and destructive on young sweet 

 cherries, and sometimes troublesome on 

 other stone fruits in Western Oregon, 

 but is apparently unknown east of the 

 Cascades. It cannot be controlled by 

 spraying. 



Insect Pests. 

 San Jose Scale: This manifests itself 

 as small, ash-gray or blackish, pimple- 

 like scales clustered on the bark. Be- 

 moving scale discloses a flattened, oily, 

 lemon-yellow insect beneath. The bark 

 is thin, and stained with purple, the 

 trees becoming bark-bound and devital- 

 ized. Infested fruit shows bright red 

 spots. 



The ideal time to spray is during 

 February. To avoid an extra applica- 

 tion, may be put on earlier, or deferred 

 to the delayed dormant. Use lime-sul- 

 phur 1-8. Application for control is ad- 

 visable only when one is reasonably 

 sure of presence of pest. Thoroughness 

 is essential: drive the spray under the 

 buds. Oil emulsions are effective, and 

 are probably occasionally advisable as 

 a substitute for lime-sulphur because 

 of their beneficial effect on the tree. 

 Bed Spider Mites: Use Spray No. 1 

 (or No. 2 on apple, pear and peach). 

 Application is advisable only when one 

 is reasonably sure of presence of pest. 

 Codling Moth: Use Sprays No. 4, 0, 7, 

 and 8. The exact date for the applica- 

 tion of Sprays No. 0, 7, and 8 will vary 

 with the season and with the locality. 

 In the case of No. 6 the date of appli- 

 cation should correspond with the first 

 deposition of eggs. Procure a standard 

 thermometer and take daily readings 

 at 8:00 p. m. during the season imme- 

 diately following the calyx application. 



WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



