November, 1920 



BETTER FRUIT 



The Orchard Leaf Roller— How to Control It 



By A. L. Melander, Entomologist State College, Pullman, Washington 



WITHOUT attempting to decide 

 whether the chicken or the egg 

 came first, we may say that the leaf 

 roller begins its life cycle in the egg 

 stage during the summer. The eggs 

 are glued in flat masses on the bark 

 of the branches, twigs or trunk, at 

 first, greenish, almost bark-colored, but 

 becoming whitish after hatching. The 

 masses vary in size from an eighth to 

 a quarter inch in diameter and contain 



How the Leaf Roller Works. 



This insect has gained its name by its habit of 



curling Ihe leaves. 



an average of about forty or fifty eggs. 

 The eggs may remain on the bark for a 

 couple of years, the old ones being rec- 

 ognizable by their color, and by being 

 perforated with the exit-holes where 

 the hatching worms emerge. It is in 

 the egg condition that the leaf roller 

 spends the winter. 



When the trees are well in leaf the 

 following spring hatching begins. The 

 worms are at first very small, a six- 

 teenth of an inch long, greenish in color 

 and with a black head. At the time 

 apples blossoms are opening the worms 

 move into the blossoms, usually one to 

 each blossom, and proceed to nibble at 



the vital parts of the flowers. This 

 causes the flowers to drop so badly 

 that an infested tFee will set no fruit 

 even though it might blossom heavily. 

 From then until after midsummer the 

 worms can be found, skeletonizing the 



Page 7 



leaves, rolling up a leaf here and there, 

 and where abundant completely defoli- 

 ating the trees. The green worms are 

 very sensitive and when touched wrig- 

 gle rapidly out of the way or spin their 

 way to the ground on a thread of silk. 

 The pupa is practically naked and 

 placed in the leaf-nests. Moths appear 

 after midsummer, hiding during the day 

 among the trees, but flying actively at 



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The Crumpled Nest of the Leaf Roller, Shov 

 How It Destroys the Foliage. 



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 Portland, Oregon 



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