Pa?e 6 



BETTER FRUIT 



December, 1920 



without heaters than in those in which 

 the heaters were set. 



This brought up the question as to 

 the amount of benefit derived by the 

 fruit and foliage from heat radiated di- 

 rectly from the fires, and steps were 

 taken to find out exactly how important 

 this radiated heat is in affording protec- 

 tion against frost damage. 



When exposed to a clear sky, all sub- 

 stances steadily lose heat by radiation. 

 Fruit and foliage exposed to the sky and 

 also to the direct light of a burning 

 orchard heater, will be losing heal by 

 radiation to the sky and receiving heal 

 by radiation from the heater. The 

 amount of radiant heat received de- 

 creases very rapidly with increasing 

 distance from the heater. 



The simplest way to show the amount 

 of radiant heat thrown off by an or- 

 chard heater is to note the distance 

 from the heater at which it counterbal- 

 ances the radiation to the sky. 



Measurements of the rate at which 

 heat is radiated from different types of 

 orchard heaters, burning at different 

 rates, were made by Professor H. H. 

 Kimball, of the Weather Bureau. It was 

 found that the radiation from a Scheu 

 high-stack heater, burning at full capac- 

 ity, if absorbed by the fruit and foliage 

 of the tree, would be sufficient to offset 

 the radiation to the sky up to a distance 

 of 15 feet; if the lower section of the 

 stack only was red hot, nocturnal cool- 

 ing would be offset at a distance of 

 about 10 feet. The radiation from a 

 short-stack California heater, burning 



at full rate, was sufficient to counter- 

 balance outgoing radiation at a distance 

 of about 8 feet. 



With the amount of radiant heat re- 

 ceived from an old style 5-quart open 

 lard-pail heater at a distance of II) feet 

 considered as 100 per cent, other types 

 of heaters radiate heat as shown below. 



FTeater Rate of 



" taler Burning Radiation 



Lard-pail Pull rate 1 , 



California (short-stack I .Full rate 125% 



Adamson (high-stack). Low rate 146 r 'r 



Adamson (high-stack i . .Full rate 315<ji 



Scheu (high-stack) Low rate 1819! 



Scheu (high-stack) Medium rate 369% 



Scheu (high-stack) Full rate 400% 



This table shows that heat radiated 

 directly from the heater to the tree is of 

 much greater importance with the high- 

 stack heaters than is the case when 

 other types are used. High-stack heat- 

 ers should be placed in the orchard in 

 such a position as to throw light on the 

 greatest possible area of foliage. 



The efliciency of an orchard heater 

 is not determined by the amount of 

 heat radiated directly from it. A large 

 percentage of this radiant heat is lost 

 directly to the sky without appreciable 

 effect on the temperature of the air or 

 of the plants. As radiant heat travels 

 in straight lines and is completely ab- 

 sorbed or reflected by fruit and foliage, 

 any fruit shaded from the heaters by 

 leaves or branches can receive practi- 

 cally no direct benefit from the radiated 

 heat. In the ideal orchard heater the 

 heat units in the fuel would be entirely 

 expended in raising the temperature of 

 the air near the surface of the ground. 



The 0. A. C. Horticultural Show Attractive 



THE horticultural show presented an- 

 nually by the horticultural depart- 

 ment of the Oregon Agricultural College 

 was larger this fall than ever before 

 and the general arrangement and qual- 

 ity of the exhibits drew favorable com- 

 ment from professional horticulturists 

 and the interested crowds which saw it. 



The show was unique in character, 

 presenting a high degree of finish and 

 artistic decoration often lacking in 

 shows and fairs. Festoons of cedar 

 boughs, hanging fern baskets, and quan- 

 tities of chrysanthemums were used in 

 decorating the large gymnasium in 

 which it was held. A covering of moss 

 fresh from the woods offered an attrac- 

 tive setting for the exhibits on the dis- 

 play tables. 



The most notable thing in the sec- 

 tion given over to fruit was a collec- 

 tion of 200 varieties of pears which, 

 according to Prof. Walter S. Brown, 

 chief of the division of horticulture at 

 the college, was the largest and most 

 comprehensive shown in the I'nited 

 states up to the present time. 



A very complete exhibit of nuts in- 

 cluding varieties from the tropics drew 

 much attention but the most popular 

 display was a collection of sub-tropical 

 fruits assemble by F. A. Gillette of La 

 Verne, Cal. Plates of avocados, figs, 

 guavas, olives and other sub-tropical 

 fruits seldom seen in the northwest 

 were new to many and received much 

 attention from the visitors. 



District displays from California, Ore- 

 gon, Washington and British Columbia 

 were shown, first award in this class 

 going to Moore and Hartman of Wenat- 

 chee. Wash., and second to B. C. Wood- 

 ward of Victoria, B. C. 



The section devoted to the vegetable 

 gardening phase of horticulture was ar- 

 ranged under the direction of Pro. A. 

 G. Bouquet. This department had a 

 large and compelte display of vegeta- 

 bles, most of which came from Oregon 

 and Californa. The high quality of these 

 products was apparent even to the cas- 

 ual observer. A novel arrangement of 

 exhibits on bracketed pannels was very 

 effective in showing cauliflower, Swiss 

 chard, celery and other bunch vegeta- 

 bles. 



Another section of the show was com- 

 posed of exhibits of canned goods, pre- 

 serves, jells, jams and juices. Dried 

 prunes and cherries bearing the labels 

 of the new "Mistland" brand of the Ore- 

 gon Grower's Co-operative association 

 occupied a portion of this side of the 

 room. Oregon and California canners 

 occupied a large part of the space with 

 their products. 



Flowers from the college greenhouses 

 filled the fourth section and vases of im- 

 mense chrysanthemums neatly arranged 

 on a green lawn of cedar foliage against 

 a background of plants and flowers 

 were admired by all who saw them. 



A judging contest was carried on in 

 connection with the show and a cash 



prize of .*25 presented by C. I. Lewis, 

 organization manager of the Oregon 

 Grower's Co-operative Association, was 

 distributed to the four students scoring 

 highest in judging plate and box dis- 

 plays of apples and in the identification 

 of varieties. Winners were W. B. Mur- 

 ray, Grants Pass, Ore., first; A. F. Gil- 

 lette, La Verne Cal., second; B. H. 

 Campbell, Amity, Ore., third; and H. L. 

 Wilson, Hemet, Cal. In addition Mr. 

 Murray as winner of the contest will 

 have his name engraved on a silver lov- 

 ing cup which was presented to the 

 show by A. B. Cordley, dean of the 

 school of agriculture. 



One of the chief benefits derived from 

 the show is the training afforded stu- 

 dents of horticulture in the preparation 

 of exhibits but in addition to this the 

 educational value of the show brings in 

 many visitors from over the state. 



Much of the success of the undertak- 

 ing is attributed to the efforts of Prof. 

 Walter S. Brown, chief of horticulture 

 at the college, and his faculty staff con- 

 sisting of C. E. Schuster, A. L. Peck, A. 

 G. Bouquet, Henry Hartman, and E. H. 

 Wiegand. The student committee was 

 headed by E. L. Smith of Pasadena, Cal. 

 as general manager assisted by C. E. 

 Baker, Los Angeles, Cal.; W. B. Bollen, 

 Portland, Ore.; B. H. Campbell, Amity, 

 Ore.; A. F. Gillette, La Verne, Cal.; T. 

 E. Hall, Yakima, Wash.; W. B. Hayes, 

 Pasadena, Cal.; W. B. Murray, Grants 

 Pass, Ore.; E. B. Shannahan, Dundee, 

 Ore.; W. W. Weed, Beaverton, Ore.; H. 

 L. Wilson, Hemet, Cal.; and B. C. Wood- 

 ward, Victoria, B. C. 



Bibbons were awarded the winners 

 in the competitive exhibits of fruit and 

 vegetables, C. I. Lewis acting as judge. 

 Tiffan and Storz with fruit from the Oa- 

 co orchards at Amity, Ore., won first 

 on three-tray displays of Grimes, Ort- 

 ley, and Spitzenburg. They were also 

 awarded first place on single tray ex- 

 hibits of Yellow Newtown, Northern 

 Spy, King, and a tray of Patrick Barry 

 pears. 



Many students took ribbons in the 

 classes they entered and winners of 

 first places were G. Cifre, single tray of 

 Northern Spy; E. L. Smith, single plate 

 of Clairgeau pears; E. H. Hesseltine, 

 general plate display of walnuts; A. F. 

 Gillette, Whittier supreme walnut; C. E. 

 Baker, Placentia walnut. G. F. Bell won 

 second on the Eureka walnut. A. F. 

 Gillette was awarded first on a group 

 display of almonds and plate exhibits 

 of ne plus ultra, IXL, nonpareil and 

 Texas prolific. M. Wharton, Garden 

 Grove, Cal., was awarded first on Va- 

 lencia oranges, Eureka lemons, Prolific 

 walnuts, Eureka walnuts, Anaheim and 

 Chinese Giant peppers. 



Competition was keen in the vegeta- 

 ble section and winners of first awards 

 were F. H. Hughson, Albany, Ore., on 

 turnips and squash varieties: .1. C. Lea- 

 dy, Beaverton, Ore., on cauliflower. F. 

 B. Chase, Eugene, Ore.; H. C. McGinnis, 

 Troutdale; and the Labish Meadows cel- 

 ery farm were winners in the celery 

 classes. First award in the various 

 classes of cabbage went to C. W. Kruse, 

 Oswego, Ore.; D. P. Allen and George 



