Page 4 



BETTER FRUIT 



March, 1921 



46381— BetFrt— 2-24-21— J Galley 2 



trees that have developed sour sap. 

 Trees injured from any one of a variety 

 of causes, the most common being 

 winter injury, are the inviting host for 

 this borer. 



The larvae, contrarj t<> the general 

 rule of similar forms, do not tunnel in 

 wood. They belong to a group termed 

 "Ambrosia Beetles" and feed only on 

 Ambrosia fungus planted by the adult 

 beetles. This fungus grows in the pres- 

 ence of sour or fermented sap. 



Control. 



Discover the initial cause of the de- 

 vitalized condition of the tree if pos- 

 sible, be it winter injury, poor drainage, 

 root injury, need of irrigation or other- 

 wise. Practice such measures as are 

 most needed in the way of fertilizers, 

 improved cultivation, irrigation, drain- 

 age, etc., to revitalize the trees. Paint 

 the infested trees in the spring cover- 

 ing the infested portions only with the 

 following: 



Wsiter 3 Gallons 



Soft soap or liquid fish oil soap. 1 Gallon 

 Crude carbolic acid y? Pint 



Apply when infestation is first ob- 

 served and repeat at weekly intervals 

 until three treatments have been given. 



The Cherry Slug. 

 The cherry and pear slug occurs as 

 slimy, greenish-brown, mollusk-like lar- 

 vae on the foliage of both pear and 

 cherries. They cause a typical skele- 

 tonizing effect of the foliage. The adult 

 of the slug is a small robust, wasp-like 

 insect, known as the saw-fly. 



Seasonal History. 



The winter is passed in the soil. The 

 adult saw-flies become active in late 

 spring and deposit their eggs within or 

 between the two surfaces of the leaf. 

 The ovipositor of the female is pecul- 

 iarly modified for slitting the tissues 

 for the purpose of egg laying and it is • 

 due to the presence of this saw-like 

 organ that the insects get the name of 

 saw-fly. The young larvae on hatching 

 attack the surface of the leaves, feed 

 voraciously and are mature in about 25 

 days. They drop to the soil, tunnel in 

 and pupate and give rise to a second 

 generation of slugs during August and 

 September. 



Control. 



Spray for the pest when it appears. 

 Regular lead arsenate sprays, 2-100 are 

 effective :in>\ probably advisable for a 

 large acreage. Finely divided dusts of 

 any sort are excellent as a contact 

 spray. Road dust, ashes, sulphur or the 

 orchard dust sprays prove very effec- 

 tive. 



The Black Cherry Aphis. 



The cherry aphis is of wide distribution 

 and general prevalence in the North- 

 west. The masses of curled and dis- 

 torted foliage on the terminal branches, 

 the typical evidence of aphis attack, is 

 a common and disgusting sight in our 

 orchards. 



Description and Seasonal History. 



the aphids are the usual soft-bodied, 

 long-legged, plant louse type, mahogany 

 brown in color, robust and active. They 



Fig. 3. Twig of cherry showing rolled and dis- 

 torted foliage due to attack of cherry aphis. 



pass the winter mostly as eggs on the 

 cherry tree. These eggs hatch in the 

 spring. As with most plant lice all of 

 these forms are sexual females having 

 the unique ability to give birth to living 

 young. The true sexed forms appear 

 only in late autumn. After the earlier 

 generations both winged and wingless 

 individuals occur. The rate of increase 

 is enormous and the foliage of the af- 

 fected trees soon develops the typical 

 curled and distorted appearance, the 

 interior of the crumpled leaves bearing 

 a mass of aphids, honey dew, lady birds 

 and ants. 



The winged aphis produced in the 

 colonies may migrate to other trees, 

 though generally in mid-summer the 



majority of the cherry aphis desert the 

 cherry and fly to the shepherds purse 

 where they continue to feed and repro- 

 duce until early fall. They return to 

 the cherry tree in the fall, the sexed 

 forms develop, eggs are deposited, and 

 so the winter is passed. 



Ants and Ahpids Cooperate: A very 

 interesting relationship is found be- 

 tween the cherry aphis and their at- 

 tendant ants. In the fall of the year 

 as adverse climatic conditions develop, 

 the ants collect some of the cherry 

 aphis and probably their eggs as well 

 and transport them to their colonies. 

 Here the aphids are maintained until 

 the following spring when the ants re- 

 turn them to the foliage of the cherry. 

 They guard the aphids from their nat- 

 ural enemies, attending them carefully 

 until the colonies of aphids develop to 

 a considerable size. For this service 

 they receive or appropriate in return 

 the honey dew which the aphids secrete. 



Control. 



The regular contact sprays as applied 

 generally for aphids will control the 

 cherry aphis if the spray actually wets 

 the insect. The difficult thing is to wet 

 the aphids in the curled leaves. This 

 same handicap is evident in an attempt 

 to spray (except at the proper time) for 

 most of the orchard plant lice. The 

 standard aphid spray for orchard con- 

 ditions and of equal merit for the cherry 

 aphis is lime-sulphur 5-100 plus Black 

 Leaf 40, three-fourths of a pint to the 

 hundred gallons. This should be ap- 

 plied as a delayed dormant spray or 

 just as the buds are bursting well and 

 before they are open. 



Use Tangle-Foot Barriers: The ants 

 tend to reinfest the tree with aphids 

 subsequent to the application of the 

 standard aphis spray. To prevent this, 

 in connection with the spray, apply 

 some mechanical barrier about the trunk 

 of the tree to shut out the ants. Bands 

 of tree-tanglefoot about three-fourths of 

 an inch wide are very satisfactory. 

 Bands of cotton batting or other me- 

 chanical devices may be used. This 

 treatment in conjunction with the spray 

 application is very necessary. 



To thrive properly grapes require a 

 well-drained soil of good fertility. 



A General Line of Nursery Stock 



Prune, Apple, Pears, Cherry, etc. 

 Strawberry, Raspberry, etc. 



Buy direct from nursery; save your money. 

 Do this by buying from us through our 

 Mail Order System. '29 years in business. 



CARLTON NURSERY CO. 



Carlton, Oregon 



; Fruit trees budded from bearing orch- 

 ards. Apple, Pear. Cherry. Peach. Plum, 

 Prune, Apricot. Quince. Grape Vines, 

 Shrubbery, Plants. Raspberries. Black- 

 berries, Logans, Dewberries. Asparagus, 

 Rhubarb. Flowering Shrubs. Rosea. 

 Vines. Hedge. Nut and Shade Trees. 

 Carriage paid. Satisfaction guaranteed. 



WASHINGTON NURSERY CO. 



Fig, I. The pear and cherry slug on folingr. 



