June, 1921 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 11 



Do Not Over-Spray Fruit 



THE Washington State Insecticide 

 and Fungicide board, in recent ses- 

 sion at Pullman gives the following 

 timely warning to fruit growers with 

 reference to the over-spraying of apples 

 and pears with arsenical materials: 



"During the past few years there has 

 been some agitation about the presence 

 of arsenicals on western fruit and in a 

 number of cases shipments have been 

 condemned. Spraying with arsenate of 

 lead or some other arsenical is judged 

 necessary for the control of coddling 

 moth, and with judicious application 

 fruit is never so coated as to become 

 actually detrimental to health. But the 

 heavy application of arsenical spray, 

 the custom of frequent and particularly 

 of late spraying, and the tendency of 

 over-doing the spraying, have resulted 

 in so much spray material adhering to 

 the surface of the fruit, especially in 

 the rainless districts where most of the 

 commercial western fruit is grown, that 

 many shipments have been condemned. 

 "Quite obviously, over-spraying is 

 wrong and should be discouraged. It is 

 wasteful of material; no additional ben- 

 efits accrue from doubling the strength 

 of the spray, or spraying oftener than 

 the generally accepted spraying pro- 

 gram calls for, or for continuing the 

 application until the trees are drenched 

 and dripping. Over-spraying causes a 

 blotching of the fruit, irregularly color- 

 ing and a deposit of arsenic that wiping 

 cannot eradicate. It is responsible for 

 the poisoning of bees from the drip on 

 the cover crop. It is giving orchard 

 grown hay the reputation of being unfit 

 for feed. 



"Spraying practices for codling moth 

 have been fairly well worked out and 

 should be generally understood. Ade- 

 quate spraying of fruit for this insect 

 pest calls for at least four or five appli- 

 cations. The arsenate of lead need not 

 be used stronger than three pounds at 

 the most to every 200 gallons of spray. 

 When the tree is best covered it has not 

 begun to drip. Especial emphasis on 

 the first brood of worms, particularly 

 through the calyx spray, should make 

 the later applications less essential. 

 The use of a spreader with the arsenical 

 such as sodium caseinate, increases the 

 covering power of the spray and ren- 

 ders less material necessary. High 

 pressure pumps better the application 

 by forcing the spray against the skin 

 of the fruit in the case of fan-spray 

 nozzles, or by breaking up the spray 

 into finer particles in the case of the 

 spray guns. 



"Bearing in mind and applying the 

 principles underlying codling moth 

 treatments should make it unnecessary 

 for the west to become alarmed over 



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Cleared! 



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poisoning its fruit so as to make it 

 unhealthful. Its reputation for clean, 

 carefully graded fruit has been built up 

 on its methods of conscientious spraying. 

 The public spirited orchardist should 

 keep watch over his over-zealous neigh- 

 bors as well as over his neglectful ones 

 and impress on them both alike the ne- 

 cessity of safeguarding the reputation 

 of western fruit." 



The board comprises the following 

 individuals: E. L. French, Director of 

 Agriculture, ex officio; C. L. Robinson, 

 Supervisor of Horticulture, chairman ; 



E. C. Johnson, Director of Experiment 

 Station, vice-chairman; Dr. A. L. Fe- 

 lander, Entomologist, secretary ; Dr. F. 

 D. Heald, Plant Pathologist; George 

 A. Olson, State Chemist. 



The volume of fruit crop in the 

 region traversed by the Denver & Rio 

 Grande will be equal to, if not greater 

 than, that of last season, reports W. H. 

 Olin, the railroad supervisor of agri- 

 culture. In 1920 the territory pro- 

 duced 5093 cars, apples and peaches 

 predominating. 



