Page 22 



Blasted Soil 



IT IS generally conceded that trees 

 or other crops In Wasted soil grow 

 faster and yield bigger crops because 

 they develop bigger, deeper Toots and 

 get more water and more food than 

 those grown on land prepared in the 

 ordinary way. 



This growth comes from four sources 

 soil, air, sun and water. The difference 

 between top-soil and sub-soil is only a 

 difference in the stage of decomposition 

 or disintegration of the mineral part- 

 icles of which the soil is composed, and 

 in the amount of remains of plants 

 mixed with the mineral particles. 

 Ground near the surface has been ex- 

 posed to the action of heat and cold and 

 water and plants and has been changed 

 moTe than the ground under the surface. 



The ground for several feet deep is 

 usually composed largely of plant food. 

 The reason plants cannot use it in this 

 hard state is because it has never been 

 entirely broken up. The agencies which 

 transform the minerals into available 

 plant food have not had a chance to act. 

 Almost all soils contain enough potash 

 and phosphorous to supply plant food 

 for a long time if it can be made avail- 

 able. Chemists and plant pathologists 

 state that plants consume about twenty 



BETTER FRUIT 



one different elements. All but four of 

 these being used in very small quantities 

 and being abundant everywhere. The 

 greatest percentage of food of all trees 

 and plants, however, consists of nitro- 

 gen, potash, phosphorous and water and 

 these are the foods that most frequently 

 have to be supplied. 



Roots of the different trees and 

 plants go to various depths depending 

 on the condition of the soil. If the soil 

 is properly broken up investigations 

 have shown that grain plants will go 

 down four to six feet, grasses five feet, 

 alfalfa ten to fifteen feet, potatoes 

 three feet, apple trees ten feet, peach 

 trees eight feet and citrus fruit trees to 

 a still greater deapth. Within whatever 

 depth of ground the roots occupy must 

 be stored the necessary amount of water 

 and plant food. If the soil is not in a 

 condition to allow the plant roots to 

 receive their amount of moisture and 

 food, naturally they will not thrive or 

 bear so' well. The great benefit from 

 blasting in planting trees or loosening 

 orchard soil that has become hard is in 

 the response of the greater amount of 

 water and food in the soil that almost 

 immediatley takes place. Once broken 

 up with proper tillage the fertility of 

 the soil can be maintained and kept in 

 the best condition for maximum crop 

 production. 



June, 1921 

 Strawberry Flowers 



STRAWBERRIES produce two types 

 of flowers, imperfect, or pistillate 

 and perfect, or staminate. Imperfect or 

 pistillate flowers contain pistils, but 

 not stamens, while perfect or staminate 

 flowers contain both pistils and sta- 

 mens. Pollen, which is produced in the 

 stamens is essential to the setting of 

 fruit. A variety with perfect flowers, 

 therefore, can produce fruit when 

 planted by itself, but one with imper- 

 fect flowers can not set fruit unless 

 perfect flowering plants are near to 

 furnish pollen through the agency of 

 bees or other insects. Because of this, 

 varieties having imperfect flowers are 

 not as desirable as those having perfect 

 flowers, and fewer of them are grown. 

 However, some of the sorts having im- 

 perfect flowers or "imperfect varieties," 

 as they are commonly called, are very 

 productive and are liked in certain 

 sections. Imperfect varieties also are 

 injured less by the strawberry weevil 

 than perfect sorts, since this insect 

 feeds on pollen, and in regions where 

 it is serious, imperfect sorts are often 

 grown in relatively large proportions. 

 However, they form less than 5 per 

 cent of the total acreage devoted to 

 strawberries in the United States and 

 their planting appears to be decreasing. 

 Where imperfect varieties are used 



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